Maternal education level (Weighted number of observations) | Higher degree (n=341), 3.6% | Degree (n=1515), 15.1% | Diploma (n=990), 9.6% | A levels (n=1020), 10.2% | GCSE-C (n=3744), 38.0% | GCSE-G (n=1099), 11.5% | None (n=1193), 12.0% | Total (n=9902) | χ2 p Value |
FCP outcome measure (11 years) | |||||||||
Yes | 21.0% | 24.3% | 29.2% | 28.3% | 33.2% | 38.4% | 43.2% | 32.3% | <0.001 |
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 52.0% | 48.8% | 47.7% | 50.7% | 49.6% | 50.3% | 48.5% | 49.4% | 0.876 |
Ethnicity | |||||||||
White | 84.8% | 91.8% | 91.6% | 92.5% | 93.3% | 93.6% | 89.8% | 92.1% | 0.004 |
Mixed or other | 6.3% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.3% | 4.7% | 3.4% | |
Asian | 5.4% | 2.5% | 2.1% | 3.6% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 4.0% | 2.7% | |
Black | 3.5% | 2.0% | 2.7% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.7% | |
Gestation | |||||||||
Premature (<37 weeks) | 5.7% | 6.0% | 6.1% | 4.8% | 8.0% | 6.8% | 10.5% | 7.3% | 0.003 |
Baby eats and sleeps regularly (9 months) | |||||||||
Disagree | 1.3% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 3.5% | 2.3% | 0.257 |
Whether baby crying is a problem (9 months) | |||||||||
Yes | 5.5% | 6.0% | 4.6% | 6.6% | 5.3% | 7.4% | 10.3% | 6.3% | <0.001 |
Maternal GI conditions (9 months) | |||||||||
Yes | 11.9% | 9.9% | 11.3% | 10.9% | 9.7% | 7.8% | 8.2% | 9.7% | 0.176 |
Maternal mental health (Kessler scale at 3 years) | |||||||||
Distressed | 14.2% | 9.5% | 11.8% | 15.6% | 20.6% | 24.4% | 26.9% | 18.5% | <0.001 |
Maternal general health (5 years) | |||||||||
Excellent | 42.6% | 43.6% | 36.9% | 36.0% | 28.8% | 25.3% | 21.1% | 31.8% | <0.001 |
Good | 45.7% | 48.4% | 50.9% | 51.2% | 53.9% | 54.0% | 55.0% | 52.3% | |
Fair | 10.0% | 7.3% | 10.4% | 11.4% | 14.7% | 16.9% | 20.8% | 13.6% | |
Poor | 1.7% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 2.5% | 3.8% | 3.2% | 2.3% | |
Self-reported maternal bodily pain (5 years) | |||||||||
None | 47.7% | 50.1% | 49.2% | 48.5% | 47.4% | 50.0% | 45.3% | 48.1% | <0.001 |
Very mild | 29.1% | 24.9% | 18.3% | 22.0% | 20.1% | 16.8% | 15.6% | 20.3% | |
Mild | 14.4% | 13.0% | 13.8% | 12.1% | 11.6% | 13.2% | 12.0% | 12.4% | |
Moderate | 6.4% | 10.0% | 13.8% | 12.6% | 13.8% | 12.1% | 16.3% | 12.9% | |
Severe or very severe | 2.4% | 2.0% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 7.1% | 7.9% | 10.7% | 6.2% | |
Child SDQ (5 years) | |||||||||
Normal | 95.8% | 97.2% | 94.1% | 91.4% | 90.9% | 83.3% | 78.0% | 90.0% | <0.001 |
Borderline | 3.6% | 1.6% | 3.3% | 5.3% | 5.0% | 8.2% | 10.3% | 5.3% | |
Abnormal | 0.6% | 1.2% | 2.6% | 3.3% | 4.0% | 8.5% | 11.8% | 4.7% | |
Child's BMI group (7 years) | |||||||||
Normal or underweight | 86.3% | 85.8% | 81.1% | 82.2% | 79.2% | 76.8% | 76.7% | 80.4% | <0.001 |
Overweight | 11.7% | 11.5% | 14.7% | 13.6% | 14.8% | 16.3% | 17.8% | 14.6% | |
Obese | 2.0% | 2.7% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 6.0% | 6.9% | 5.4% | 5.0% | |
Child's portions of fruit consumed per day (5 years) | |||||||||
None or one | 9.3% | 7.9% | 12.8% | 13.1% | 20.2% | 26.8% | 35.2% | 19.0% | <0.001 |
Two | 22.5% | 21.6% | 21.9% | 23.8% | 27.6% | 32.1% | 26.0% | 25.9% | |
Three or more | 68.2% | 70.5% | 65.2% | 63.1% | 52.2% | 41.1% | 38.9% | 55.1% |
All figures are percentages adjusted for sampling design. Missing data reasons are detailed in section 4 of the online supplementary material.
BMI, body mass index; FCP, frequent complaints of pain; GI, gastrointestinal; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.