Numbers of children with FAS/PFAS facial phenotypes according to direct and digital assessment methods (n=106)
| Feature (n=106) | Direct (N (%)) | Digital (using FAS FPA Software) (N (%)) | PEA (%) |
| PFL (≤−2 SD, Hall chart) | 22 (20.8) | 15 (14.2) | 61.3 |
| Philtrum (Rank 4 or 5, Guide 2) | 33 (31.1) | 21 (19.8) | 62.3 |
| Upper lip (Rank 4 or 5, Guide 2) | 38 (35.8) | 36 (33.9) | 56.6 |
| FAS facial phenotype (all three features: Face Rank 4)* | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | – |
| PFAS facial phenotype (any two features)† | 28 (26.4) | 16 (15.1) | – |
| 4-Digit PFAS facial phenotype (2.5 of the three features)‡ | 17 (16.0) | 8 (7.5) | – |
*Facial ABC-Score CCC.
†PFAS facial phenotype in accordance with the Canadian diagnostic guidelines: Facial ABC-Scores: CCB, CBC, BCC, CCA, CAC, ACC.
‡Rank 3 PFAS facial phenotype in accordance with the 4-Digit Code: Facial ABC-Scores: CCB, CBC, BCC; 2012).
FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome; FPA Software, Facial Photographic Analysis Software (V.2.0.0); PEA, percentage exact agreement; PFAS, partial fetal alcohol syndrome; PFL, palpebral fissure length.