Asphyxia | Control | U | z | r (95% CI) | |||||||
M | SD | Md | Range | M | SD | Md | Range | ||||
Mothers | |||||||||||
PDS total score | 8.80 | 7.19 | 6.00 | 0–37 | 5.95 | 6.55 | 4.00 | 0–30 | 2291.0 | 3.14*** | 0.23 (0.11 to 0.34) |
PDS re-experiencing | 3.29 | 2.81 | 3.00 | 0–12 | 1.29 | 2.09 | 0.00 | 0–12 | 1600.0 | 5.58*** | 0.40 (0.29, to 0.50) |
PDS avoidance/numbing | 2.52 | 2.86 | 1.50 | 0–12 | 2.07 | 2.78 | 1.00 | 0–16 | 2954.0 | 1.27 | 0.09 (−0.03 to 0.21) |
PDS hyperarousal | 2.88 | 2.95 | 2.00 | 0–13 | 2.59 | 2.84 | 2.00 | 0–14 | 3101.5 | 0.79 | 0.06 (−0.06 to 0.18) |
HADS total score | 9.38 | 5.88 | 9.00 | 0–25 | 10.83 | 5.55 | 10.00 | 0–33 | 2871.5 | −1.86 | −0.14 (−0.25 to –0.02) |
MIBS total score | 3.38 | 3.65 | 2.00 | 0–13 | 2.38 | 3.38 | 1.00 | 0–20 | 2508.5 | 1.72* | 0.13 (0.01 to 0.25) |
Fathers | |||||||||||
PDS total score | 8.82 | 10.61 | 7.00 | 0–45 | 4.62 | 5.10 | 3.00 | 0–20 | 892.0 | 1.77* | 0.18 (0.01 to 0.34) |
PDS re-experiencing | 2.93 | 3.56 | 2.00 | 0–15 | 0.66 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 0–5 | 612.0 | 4.29*** | 0.41 (0.26 to 0.54) |
PDS avoidance/numbing | 2.71 | 3.76 | 1.00 | 0–18 | 1.81 | 2.59 | 1.00 | 0–12 | 1002.0 | 1.39 | 0.14 (−0.02 to 0.30) |
PDS hyperarousal | 3.27 | 3.91 | 2.00 | 0–14 | 2.16 | 2.18 | 2.00 | 0–8 | 1085.0 | 0.76 | 0.06 (−0.11 to 0.22) |
HADS total score | 8.57 | 5.74 | 7.00 | 0–27 | 9.10 | 5.38 | 9.00 | 2–32 | 1158.0 | −0.61 | −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.11) |
MIBS total score | 2.09 | 2.79 | 1.00 | 0–11 | 2.55 | 3.05 | 1.00 | 0–14 | 843.0 | −0.80 | −0.08 (−0.26 to 0.09) |
; 95% CI=lower and upper level of the 95% CI. The total sample sizes ranged from n=179 to 186 (mothers) and from n=89 to 101 (fathers).
*p<0.05.
***p<0.001 (1-tailed).
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; M, mean; Md, median; MIBS, Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale; PDS, Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; U, Mann Whitney test statistic; z, z test (a positive z-score denotes higher scale scores in the asphyxia group).