Variable | Characteristic | SDQ total | p Value* | Adjusted odds | 95% CI | p Value† | |
Normal (0–15) | High (16–40) | ||||||
Age | Mean (SD) | 14.71 (1) | 14.90 (1) | 0.06 | 1.731 | 1.180 to 2.539 | 0.005 |
Eye problems | Yes | 93 | 28 | 0.005 | 2.249 | 1.307 to 3.867 | 0.003 |
No (reference) | 495 | 75 | |||||
Punishment for not doing homework | Physical (reference) | 136 | 28 | 0.381 | 1.955 | 1.038 to 3.680 | 0.038 |
More homework | 451 | 75 | |||||
Physical fitness activities | Yes | 362 | 49 | 0.007 | |||
No | 224 | 54 | |||||
Performance in last annual examination | <35% | 53 | 16 | 0.006 | |||
40%–50% | 59 | 16 | |||||
50%–60% | 146 | 34 | |||||
60%–70% | 179 | 18 | |||||
70%–80% | 69 | 11 | |||||
>80% | 82 | 8 | |||||
Failed in any subject in last annual exam | Yes | 51 | 19 | 0.002 | |||
No | 537 | 84 | |||||
Face difficulties in studying at home | Yes | 62 | 26 | <0.001 | |||
No | 525 | 76 | |||||
Having friends | Yes | 559 | 88 | <0.001 | 0.385 | 0.182 to 0.812 | 0.012 |
No (reference) | 28 | 15 | |||||
Difficulties discussing friends with parents | Yes | 53 | 30 | <0.001 | 3.552 | 1.935 to 6.520 | 0.001 |
No (reference) | 535 | 73 | |||||
After-school entertainment | Sports and games (reference) | 213 | 27 | ||||
Watching movies | 29 | 13 | 3.042 | 1.309 to 7.092 | 0.01 | ||
Going out with friends | 87 | 15 | 0.002 | ||||
Watching TV | 151 | 19 | |||||
Others | 108 | 29 | |||||
Difficulties in relationship with others | Yes | 34 | 16 | <0.001 | |||
No | 554 | 87 |
*p Value for univariate analysis.
†p Value for logistic regression.