Professional views on consent for 20 neonatal interventions (n=69)
| Intervention | Implied consent | Explicit verbal consent | Explicit written consent | |||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Peripheral intravenous cannulation | 66 | 96 | 3 | 4.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Peripheral arterial line insertion | 49 | 71 | 19 | 27.5 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Lumbar puncture | 19 | 27.5 | 48 | 70 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 58 | 84 | 11 | 15.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Central venous catheter insertion (long line) | 45 | 65 | 23 | 33.3 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Umbilical catheter insertion | 57 | 83 | 12 | 17.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Scalp vein insertion (cannula or long line) | 33 | 47.8 | 35 | 51 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Surfactant administration | 62 | 90 | 7 | 10.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Intercostal drain insertion | 52 | 75 | 15 | 21.7 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Suprapubic aspiration of urine | 43 | 62 | 26 | 37.7 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Use of nitric oxide | 54 | 78 | 14 | 20.3 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Blood transfusion | 25 | 36.2 | 28 | 41 | 16 | 23.2 |
| Dilutional exchange transfusion | 18 | 26.1 | 35 | 51 | 16 | 23.2 |
| Double volume exchange transfusion | 11 | 15.9 | 31 | 45 | 27 | 39.1 |
| Pharmacological closure of a patent ductus arteriosus | 17 | 24.6 | 47 | 68 | 5 | 7.2 |
| Use of postnatal steroids to facilitate extubation from ventilator in preterm infants | 9 | 13.0 | 52 | 75 | 8 | 11.6 |
| Urine toxicology to screen for drugs of abuse | 18 | 26.1 | 42 | 61 | 9 | 13.0 |
| DNA CGH array or other specific genetic testing | 1 | 1.4 | 42 | 61 | 26 | 37.7 |
| Therapeutic hypothermia | 45 | 65 | 21 | 30.4 | 3 | 4.3 |
| Ventricular tap (for posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus) | 19 | 27.5 | 36 | 52 | 14 | 20.3 |