Objective: To examine the implications of universal neonatal screening for confirming deafness in early childhood.
Design: A cohort that had received a universal neonatal hearing screen was followed-up until school entry, and confirmation of deafness compared with that from parallel cohorts that had not received the screen.
Study: Three 10-year cohorts were compared: a cohort of 35,668 enrolled for universal neonatal hearing screening, a historical cohort of 31,538 when neonatal screening was unavailable, and a cohort of 32,890 when targeted screening was in place.
Results: Prevalence of deafness by school age was 3.65/1000 with a neonatal yield of 1.79/1000. The screen had been 89% sensitive to moderate and worse deafness, 79% to unilateral deafness, and 49% to mild impairments. The median age of confirmation had been reduced from 218 to 16 weeks, but for those not identified neonatally there had been no significant improvement in the age of confirmation over the previous 25 years. The yield from post-neonatal screens had been reduced from 1.8/1000 to 0.2/1000, and with a yield of 0.8/1000, reactive referral remained a more effective route to identification.
Conclusions: Even with UNHS in place post-neonatal routes to identification need to be maintained and improvements investigated.