Article Text
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disordered metabolism that lead to inappropriate hyperglycemia which could be basically due to an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, or a defect in insulin action (insulin resistance). The most common cause in children is type 1 DM which is immune- mediated disease.
T1DM is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, most commonly autoimmune thyroid diseases (17–30%), celiac disease and other autoimmune disease such as Addison’s disease, autoimmune gastritis and very rarely with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerular disease
Case Report(s) Herein, we report a female patient who initially presented at the age of 9 years to nephrology department with acute renal failure which was proved to be secondary to membranous glomerulonephritis on kidney biopsy.
She was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy for 2 weeks and continued on prednisolone 60 mg for 2 months, then tapering over 6 months, and kept on prednisolone 10mg for 1 year according to her clinical situation.
During that period, she received cyclophosphamide monthly for 6 months and started on Mycophenolate mofetil.
1 year after diagnosis she presented with polyuria and polydipsia found to have hyperglycemia and glycosuria with normal VBG and diagnosed with DM type 1 for which started on insulin therapy basal bolus regimen.
Recently (4 months ago) she complained of hair loss, seen by dermatologist and diagnosed with alopecia aerate.
Her thyroid function test is normal, anti TPO ant TG are negative, Celiac screen is negative, Liver enzymes are normal. Her electrolyte, basal cortisol and ACTH are normal
Conclusion(s) Diabetes mellitus type1 could be associated with other autoimmune diseases most commonly Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, and celiac disease.
Our patient was diagnosed with Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and later on developed manifestations of other autoimmune diseases (DM type1 and alopecia). It was published in medical literature the association of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in young adult, which up to our knowledge this the first case in pediatric patients.