Aim To study the prevalence of genotypes and alleles of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF val66met), leptin receptor gene (LEPR Arg223Gln), fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO A23525T), angiotensinogen gene 1 (AGT Thr174Met), angiotensinogen gene 2 (AGT Met235Thr), fatty acid binding protein 2 gene (FABP2 Ala54Thr), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 gene (PPARG2 Pro12Ala) in adolescent girls with obesity.

Material and Method A total of 72 adolescent girls aged 12–17 years were examined. Group 1 consisted of 36 children with obesity, and group 2 consisted of 36 children without obesity. Anthropometric, molecular genetics, and statistical methods were used.

Results In 80% of cases, they were carriers of the Pro allele of the PPARG2 gene, had higher BMI, and were at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The presence of the BDNF Met/Met gene mutation was found in 14% of those surveyed, which is associated with the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. The allele A of the FTO gene was detected in 14% of cases. Physical activity plays an important role in combating obesity. The presence of the LEPR gene mutation was found in 28% of children, which determines the risk carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, elevated blood pressure. Homozygous carriage of the AGT gene alleles (Thr174Met) and (Met235Thr) was detected in 11% and 4% of cases, respectively. Heterozygous carriage of alleles of these genes was found in 64% and 55% of cases. This indicates a high risk of developing arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, gestosis, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. The FABP2 gene mutation (Thr/Thr) and (Ala/Thr) was present in 8% and 77% of adolescents, respectively. Girls in this group should limit calorie intake from fats and maintain physical activity.

Conclusions Molecular genetic testing should be performed in adolescent girls with obesity.