@article {Sibbine001420, author = {Kristina Sibbin and Tara M Crawford and Michael Stark and Malcolm Battin}, editor = {, and , and Morris, Scott and Schmidt, Peter and Korostenski, Larissa and Sharp, Mary and Resnick, Steven and Thomas, Rebecca and Gill, Andy and Pillow, Jane and Stack, Jacqueline and Birch, Pita and Nothdurft, Karen and Casalaz, Dan and Holberton, Jim and Stewart, Alice and Hunt, Rod and Cooke, Lucy and Downe, Lyn and Stewart, Michael and Berry, Andrew and Hickey, Leah and Morris, Peter and Paoli, Tony De and Spotswood, Naomi and Bolisetty, Srinivas and Lui, Kei and Paradisis, Mary and Greenhalgh, Mark and Koorts, Pieter and Kuschel, Carl and Doyle, Lex and Craven, John and Collins, Clare and Numa, Andrew and Carlisle, Hazel and Badawi, Nadia and Popat, Himanshu and Koh, Guan and Davis, Jonathan and Luig, Melissa and Headley, Bevan and Andersen, Chad and Austin, Nicola and Darlow, Brian and Edmonds, Liza and Bloomfield, Guy and Buksh, Mariam and Battin, Malcolm and Boom, Jutta van den and Gately, Callum and Chambers, Georgina and Rajadurai, Victor Samuel and Barker, David and Dhawan, Anjali and Hammond, Barbara and Merida, Natalie and Harrison, Denise and Battin, M}, title = {Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e001420}, year = {2022}, doi = {10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001420}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Objective Neonatal encephalopathy remains a major cause of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment. Infection may exacerbate brain injury and mitigate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Additionally, infants with sepsis treated with TH may be at increased risk of adverse effects. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics and outcomes for infants with sepsis treated with TH.Design and setting Retrospective cohort study of infants treated with TH within Australia and New Zealand.Patients 1522 infants treated with TH, including 38 with culture-positive sepsis from 2014 to 2018.Intervention Anonymised retrospective review of data from Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. Infants with culture-positive sepsis within 48 hours were compared with those without sepsis.Main outcome measures Key outcomes include in-hospital mortality, intensive care support requirements and length of stay.Results Overall the rate of mortality was similar between the groups (13\% vs 13\%). Infants with sepsis received a higher rate of mechanical ventilation (89\% vs 70\%, p=0.01), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (32\% vs 13\%, p=0.003) and inhaled nitric oxide for persistent pulmonary hypertension (38\% vs 16\%, p\<0.001). Additionally, the sepsis group had a longer length of stay (20 vs 11 days, p\<0.001).Conclusion Infants with sepsis treated with TH required significantly more respiratory support and had a longer length of stay. Although this may suggest a more severe illness the rate of mortality was similar. Further research is warranted to review the neurodevelopmental outcomes for these infants.No data are available. Not applicable.}, URL = {https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/6/1/e001420}, eprint = {https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/6/1/e001420.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Paediatrics Open} }