RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Responding to the changing burden of disease for children and adolescents in modern Britain: the RCPCH State of Child Health Report 2017 JF BMJ Paediatrics Open FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP e000026 DO 10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000026 VO 1 IS 1 A1 Russell M Viner A1 Emily Kate Arkell A1 Melissa Ashe A1 Melanie Simpson YR 2017 UL http://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000026.abstract AB The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published the State of Child Health (SOCH) 2017, summarising the changing burden of disease in UK children and young people (CYP) over the past 20 years. These data show clearly that the three great challenges of our time for CYP are obesity, mental health problems and the impact of poverty and inequality on health. In this review, we summarise key findings from SOCH 2017 and outline key responses the UK must make to improve health and well-being for its CYP.