Proportion of clinic attendees experiencing each ACE category
| ACE categories | Total n=279 (%) | ACE ≥4 n=78 (%) | CD n=167 (%) | VC n=112 (%) |
| One or no parents, parental separation or divorce | 102 (37) | 60 (77) | 41 (25) | 61 (54) |
| Parental mental health issues | 93 (33) | 48 (62) | 34 (20) | 59 (53) |
| Family and community service (FACS) or other child protection services involvement | 70 (25) | 57 (73) | 7 (4) | 63 (56) |
| Parental drug abuse | 67 (24) | 52 (67) | 4 (2) | 63 (56) |
| Exposure to traumatic life event in the past | 57 (20) | 27 (35) | 20 (12) | 37 (33) |
| Neglect | 51 (18) | 44 (56) | 6 (4) | 45 (40) |
| Domestic violence | 51 (18) | 48 (62) | 2 (1) | 49 (44) |
| Housing instability | 51 (18) | 34 (44) | 9 (5) | 42 (38) |
| Foster care system (history or current) | 39 (14) | 35 (45) | 5 (3) | 34 (30) |
| Parental incarceration | 27 (10) | 24 (31) | 3 (2) | 24 (21) |
| Physical abuse | 22 (8) | 21 (27) | 2 (1) | 20 (18) |
| Emotional abuse | 22 (8) | 21 (27) | 0 (0) | 22 (20) |
| Intrauterine drug exposure/neonatal abstinence syndrome | 21 (8) | 18 (23) | 2 (1) | 19 (17) |
| Child sexual abuse | 5 (2) | 5 (6) | 0 (0) | 5 (4) |
ACE, adverse childhood experience; CD, child development; VC, vulnerable child.