Within-group values at baseline and 2-year follow-up and between-group differences in HRQoL of children and parents from baseline to 2-year follow-up
| Outcome | Family summer camp | Family lifestyle school | Between-group difference | ||||
| Baseline | 2 years | Baseline | 2 years | Mean difference | P value | Effect size | |
| Child self-report, KINDL | |||||||
| Total HRQoL | 67.5 (64.5 to 70.6) | 70.1 (67.3 to 72.8) | 65.6 (62.4 to 68.7) | 69.4 (66.6 to 72.2) | 1.3 (−2.0 to 4.7) | 0.44 | 0.12 |
| Physical | 67.8 (62.9 to 72.7) | 75.6 (71.2 to 80.1) | 66.1 (61.1 to 71.1) | 71.2 (66.4 to 75.9) | 3.1 (−1.9 to 8.1) | 0.23 | 0.19 |
| Emotional | 76.4 (71.7 to 81.1) | 80.5 (76.5 to 84.4) | 73.6 (68.8 to 78.4) | 81.7 (77.6 to 85.8) | 0.8 (−3.9 to 5.5) | 0.75 | 0.05 |
| Self-esteem | 68.3 (63.1 to 73.5) | 68.8 (64.2 to 73.3) | 70.2 (64.9 to 75.6) | 70.8 (66.2 to 75.5) | −2.0 (−7.5 to 3.5) | 0.48 | 0.11 |
| Friends | 78.6 (73.9 to 83.4) | 82.0 (77.7 to 86.4) | 76.1 (71.2 to 81.0) | 78.2 (73.4 to 83.0) | 3.2 (−2.2 to 7.1) | 0.32 | 0.19 |
| Family | 77.7 (73.6 to 81.7) | 78.6 (74.6 to 82.6) | 76.2 (72.0 to 80.3) | 79.4 (73.8 to 85.1) | 0.4 (−4.1 to 4.9) | 0.78 | 0.03 |
| School | 74.0 (69.4 to 78.5) | 72.9 (68.2 to 77.6) | 69.1 (64.4 to 73.8) | 72.3 (67.7 to 76.9) | 2.7 (−1.9 to 7.4) | 0.27 | 0.17 |
| Adiposity specific | 73.9 (69.3 to 78.5) | 78.3 (74.5 to 82.0) | 68.8 (64.1 to 73.4) | 72.9 (68.9 to 76.8) | 5.3 (0.4 to 10.1) | 0.03 | 0.33 |
| Parent proxy-report, KINDL | |||||||
| Total HRQoL | 72.2 (68.8 to 75.6) | 73.6 (71.1 to 76.2) | 68.0 (64.5 to 71.6) | 72.6 (69.9 to 75.3) | 2.6 (−0.9 to 6.1) | 0.15 | 0.22 |
| Physical | 67.9 (62.9 to 73.0) | 75.5 (71.3 to 79.7) | 65.9 (63.3 to 68.6) | 72.3 (68.0 to 76.5) | 2.6 (−2.8 to 8.0) | 0.34 | 0.15 |
| Emotional | 75.9 (71.2 to 80.7) | 74.1 (70.3 to 77.9) | 69.7 (64.8 to 74.6) | 74.6 (70.6 to 78.6) | 2.9 (−2.0 to 7.7) | 0.24 | 0.17 |
| Self-esteem | 67.7 (62.6 to 72.8) | 66.5 (62.6 to 70.5) | 59.1 (53.8 to 64.4) | 65.5 (61.4 to 69.6) | 4.8 (−0.4 to 9.9) | 0.07 | 0.27 |
| Friends | 70.9 (66.2 to 75.6) | 75.9 (71.9 to 79.9) | 69.8 (64.9 to 74.6) | 72.7 (68.5 to 76.9) | 2.2 (−2.9 to 7.3) | 0.40 | 0.13 |
| Family | 74.5 (70.3 to 78.8) | 76.3 (72.8 to 79.7) | 73.3 (68.9 to 77.7) | 76.3 (72.3 to 80.4) | 0.6 (−4.2 to 5.3) | 0.81 | 0.04 |
| School | 76.4 (72.5 to 80.2) | 73.5 (70.3 to 76.7) | 70.3 (66.4 to 74.3) | 74.2 (70.8 to 77.6) | 2.7 (−1.1 to 6.5) | 0.17 | 0.20 |
| Adiposity specific | 72.4 (67.7 to 77.1) | 77.0 (72.9 to 81.0) | 66.3 (61.4 to 71.2) | 68.6 (64.2 to 73.0) | 7.3 (2.3 to 12.2) | 0.005 | 0.44 |
| Parent self-report | |||||||
| Physical dimension (SF-36) | 40.0 (34.6 to 45.4) | 47.2 (35.1 to 59.4) | 39.8 (34.5 to 45.1) | 48.8 (39.4 to 58.2) | −0.2 (−4.6 to 4.1) | 0.49 | 0.02 |
| Mental dimension (SF-36) | 40.9 (31.9 to 49.8) | 45.0 (38.0 to 52.1) | 40.2 (35.5 to 44.9) | 43.6 (27.9 to 59.4) | 1.2 (−2.8 to 5.3) | 0.36 | 0.10 |
| Emotional dimension (OWQOL) | 51.1 (44.2 to 57.8) | 68.0 (57.7 to 78.3) | 43.3 (36.2 to 50.3) | 73.0 (53.4 to 92.7) | 3.7 (−4.9 to 12.3) | 0.41 | 0.16 |
| Number of symptoms (WRSM)* | 7.6 (6.2 to 8.9) | 4.5 (3.3 to 5.8) | 9.1 (7.8 to 10.5) | 3.4 (2.1 to 4.7) | −0.1 (−1.5 to 1.3) | 0.91 | 0.02 |
| Symptom distress (WRSM) | 25.1 (18.8 to 31.5) | 13.4 (4.1 to 22.8) | 34.0 (27.5 to 40.4) | 11.3 (1.1 to 21.4) | −3.4 (−10.5 to 3.7) | 0.37 | 0.16 |
Results are presented as estimated means for the treatment groups at baseline and 2 years and estimated between-group difference in change with 95% CI (linear mixed model); effect size is presented by Cohen’s d. HRQoL scores range from 0 to 100, higher values indicate better HRQoL.
*Not imputed.
HRQoL, health-related quality of life; KINDL, KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen; OWQOL, Obesity and Weight Loss Quality of Life; SF-36, Short-Form 36-item Health Survey; WRSM, Weight Related Symptom Measure.