Univariable and multivariable regression showing RRs with 95% CIs
| Univariable RR (95% CI) | Multivariable RR (95% CI) | % (N) with outcome | |||
| Maternal education (at birth, ref Higher degree) | 21% (71) | ||||
| Degree | 1.16 | (0.93 to 1.44) | 1.21 | (0.98 to 1.50) | 24% (368) |
| Diploma | 1.40 ** | (1.10 to 1.78) | 1.38 ** | (1.09 to 1.74) | 29% (290) |
| A levels | 1.35 * | (1.07 to 1.70) | 1.30 * | (1.04 to 1.64) | 28% (289) |
| GCSE A–C | 1.59 *** | (1.29 to 1.95) | 1.46 *** | (1.19 to 1.79) | 33% (1244) |
| GCSE D–G | 1.83 *** | (1.46 to 2.30) | 1.57 *** | (1.25 to 1.98) | 38% (421) |
| None | 2.06 *** | (1.64 to 2.59) | 1.70 *** | (1.36 to 2.13) | 43% (516) |
| Sex (ref Male) | 28% (1403) | ||||
| Female | 1.31 *** | (1.21 to 1.42) | 1.34 *** | (1.24 to 1.44) | 37% (1796) |
| Ethnicity (ref White) | 32% (2915) | ||||
| Mixed or other | 1.06 | (0.86 to 1.31) | 1 | (0.81 to 1.23) | 34% (115) |
| Asian | 1.1 | (0.92 to 1.31) | 0.97 | (0.83 to 1.13) | 35% (96) |
| Black | 1.39 ** | (1.11 to 1.73) | 1.27 * | (1.03 to 1.57) | 44% (75) |
| Gestation (ref Term) | 32% (2960) | ||||
| Premature | 1.03 | (0.88 to 1.21) | 33% (239) | ||
| Eats, sleeps regularly (9 months, ref Agree) | 32% (3113) | ||||
| Disagree or strongly disagree | 1.2 | (0.97 to 1.48) | 39% (87) | ||
| Problematic crying (9 months, ref No) | 32% (2942) | ||||
| Yes | 1.30 *** | (1.14 to 1.47) | 1.11 | (0.98 to 1.25) | 41% (257) |
| Maternal GI disease (9 months, ref No) | 31% (2793) | ||||
| Yes | 1.36 *** | (1.23 to 1.49) | 1.23 *** | (1.12 to 1.36) | 42% (407) |
| Maternal Kessler scale (3 years, ref Normal) | 29% (2346) | ||||
| Distressed | 1.61 *** | (1.50 to 1.73) | 1.33 *** | (1.23 to 1.44) | 47% (853) |
| Maternal health (5 years, ref Excellent) | 26% (819) | ||||
| Good | 1.25 *** | (1.14 to 1.38) | 1.12 * | (1.02 to 1.23) | 33% (1689) |
| Fair | 1.66 *** | (1.49 to 1.85) | 1.22 *** | (1.09 to 1.36) | 43% (582) |
| Poor | 1.90 *** | (1.55 to 2.34) | 1.21 | (0.98 to 1.49) | 49% (110) |
| Maternal amount of bodily pain (5 years, ref None) | 27% (1306) | ||||
| Very mild | 1.17 ** | (1.06 to 1.30) | 1.16 ** | (1.05 to 1.28) | 32% (646) |
| Mild | 1.40 *** | (1.27 to 1.55) | 1.30 *** | (1.17 to 1.44) | 38% (474) |
| Moderate | 1.49 *** | (1.34 to 1.67) | 1.28 *** | (1.14 to 1.43) | 41% (524) |
| Severe or very severe | 1.48 *** | (1.29 to 1.69) | 1.21 ** | (1.06 to 1.39) | 41% (250) |
| Child SDQ (5 years, ref Normal) | 30% (2698) | ||||
| Borderline | 1.59 *** | (1.40 to 1.80) | 1.35 *** | (1.19 to 1.54) | 48% (252) |
| Abnormal | 1.77 *** | (1.54 to 2.04) | 1.41 *** | (1.21 to 1.65) | 54% (249) |
| BMI (7 years, ref Normal or underweight) | 31% (2483) | ||||
| Overweight | 1.14 ** | (1.04 to 1.25) | 1.06 | (0.97 to 1.16) | 36% (514) |
| Obese | 1.31 *** | (1.15 to 1.50) | 1.17 * | (1.02 to 1.33) | 41% (203) |
| Daily fruit portions (5 years, ref None or one) | 39% (742) | ||||
| Two | 0.86 ** | (0.77 to 0.96) | 0.93 | (0.83 to 1.03) | 34% (866) |
| Three or more | 0.74 *** | (0.68 to 0.81) | 0.85 *** | (0.78 to 0.93) | 29% (1592) |
Unweighted n=8463.
***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05. BMI, body mass index; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; GI, gastrointestinal; RR, risk ratio; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.