Mortality and morbidities among infants with or without maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy
| Outcomes, n (%) | Infants with maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (n=682) | Infants without maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (n=28 944) | P value | Adjusted* RR (95% CI) |
| Hospital death | 28 (4.1) | 1504 (5.2) | 0.20 | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.20) |
| RDS | 438 (64.2) | 17 842 (61.6) | 0.17 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.1) |
| NEC | 9 (1.5) | 440 (1.5) | 0.67 | 0.92 (0.48 to 1.77) |
| PDA required any treatment | 250 (36.7) | 10 964 (37.9) | 0.52 | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.1) |
| IVH grades III–IV or PVL | 47 (6.9) | 2328 (8.0) | 0.27 | 0.86 (0.65 to 1.15) |
| CLD 28 | 236 (34.6) | 10 822 (37.4) | 0.13 | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) |
| ROP required any treatment | 101 (14.8) | 4662 (16.1) | 0.36 | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.18) |
| Composite† | 370 (54.2) | 16 205 (60.0) | 0.37 | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.07) |
*Adjusted for maternal age, parity, mode of delivery, sex, antenatal steroid use, gestational week, SGA and Apgar score at 5 min.
†Includes hospital death, NEC, PDA required any treatment, IVH or PVL, CLD 36 and ROP required any treatment.
CLD, chronic lung disease; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.