Characteristics | Paediatric trauma patients without head trauma and without concussion (trauma controls), N=47 | Paediatric head trauma patients without concussion (head trauma controls), N=34 | Paediatric head trauma patients with concussion (concussion), N=94 | Adult trauma patients without head trauma and without concussion (trauma controls), N=145 | Adult head trauma patients without concussion (head trauma controls), N=115 | Adult head trauma patients with concussion (concussion), N=277 |
Mean age (years±SD), range | 9 (±4) (0–17) | 6 (±5) (1–16) | 9 (±6) (1–17) | 41 (±16) (18–83) | 40 (±16) (18–79) | 39 (±15) (18–78) |
Gender, n (%) | ||||||
Male | 33 (27) | 23 (19) | 66 (54) | 82 (25) | 68 (21) | 182 (55) |
Female | 14 (26) | 11 (21) | 28 (53) | 63 (31) | 47 (23) | 95 (46) |
Race, n (%) | ||||||
Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 6 (2) |
Black | 19 (40) | 5 (15) | 31 (33) | 41 (28) | 32 (28) | 54 (20) |
Hispanic | 7 (15) | 13 (38) | 17 (18) | 39 (27) | 20 (17) | 53 (19) |
Native American | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
White | 19 (40) | 15 (44) | 42 (45) | 57 (39) | 60 (52) | 154 (56) |
Other | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (3) | 10 (4) |
Mechanism of injury, n (%) | ||||||
Motor vehicle crash | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | 4 (4) | 94 (65) | 53 (46) | 134 (48) |
Motorcycle crash | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (15) | 29 (11) |
Other motorised vehicle | 0 (0) | 3 (9) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 3 (1) |
Bicycle struck by vehicle | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 7 (6) | 11 (4) |
Fall off bicycle | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 5 (2) |
Pedestrian struck | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 6 (6) | 4 (3) | 3 (3) | 12 (4) |
Fall | 33 (70) | 17 (50) | 42 (45) | 20 (14) | 12 (10) | 58 (21) |
Sports injury | 9 (19) | 5 (15) | 23 (25) | 7 (5) | 2 (2) | 1 (<1) |
Assault | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | 0 (0) | 6 (5) | 10 (4) |
Other | 1 (2) | 4 (12) | 6 (6) | 16 (11) | 13 (11) | 14 (5) |
Loss of consciousness, n (%) | ||||||
No | 47 (100) | 34 (100) | 34 (36) | 145 (100) | 115 (100) | 55 (20) |
Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 37 (39) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 222 (80) |
Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 23 (24) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Amnesia, n (%) | ||||||
No | 47 (100) | 34 (100) | 36 (38) | 145 (100) | 115 (100) | 171 (62) |
Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 105 (20) |
Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 41 (44) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) |
Injury Severity Score (n=629) | ||||||
Median (IQR) | 4.0 (4.0–10) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 4.0 (1.0–7.0) | 4.0 (1.0–4.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.5) | 5.0 (2.0–8.8) |
Means (95% CI) | 6.0 (3.0 to 9.1) | 3.3 (2.1 to 4.6) | 4.5 (3.6 to 5.4) | 4.2 (3.5 to 4.9) | 4.6 (4.0 to 5.3) | 6.1 (5.5 to 6.8) |
Admitted to hospital, n (%) | 12 (26) | 8 (24) | 29 (31) | 42 (29) | 17 (15) | 101 (37) |
CT head performed, n (%) | 0 (0) | 11 (32) | 74 (79) | 18 (12) | 80 (70) | 267 (96) |
Intracranial lesions on CT, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (6) |
Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100.