Area under the curve for distinguishing between concussion and body trauma controls (no head trauma and no concussion symptoms)
| Hours postinjury | GFAP | UCH-L1 | Combination of GFAP and UCH-L1 |
| Enrolment (children) (n=141) | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 0.62 (0.53–0.72) | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) |
| Enrolment (adults) (n=422) | 0.76 (0.71–0.80) | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 0.78 (0.73–0.82) |
| Enrolment (both) (n=563) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.67 (0.63–0.72) | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) |
| 4 hours (n=452) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.65 (0.60–0.70) | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) |
| 8 hours (n=92) | 0.82 (0.72–0.91) | 0.72 (0.56–0.87) | 0.86 (0.75–0.96) |
| 12 hours (n=68) | 0.83 (0.73–0.93) | 0.74 (0.58–0.90) | 0.85 (0.74–0.96) |
| 16 hours (n=66) | 0.84 (0.73–0.95) | 0.77 (0.62–0.91) | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) |
| 20 hours (n=61) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.63 (0.43–0.84) | 0.82 (0.70–0.94) |
| 24 hours (n=56) | 0.87 (0.76–0.98) | 0.74 (0.58–0.90) | 0.87 (0.74–1.00) |
| 36 hours (n=35) | 0.86 (0.72–1.00) | 0.76 (0.51–1.00) | 0.90 (0.76–1.00) |
| 48 hours (n=30) | 0.85 (0.68–1.00) | 0.71 (0.53–0.90) | 0.85 (0.65–1.00) |
| 60 hours (n=27) | 0.79 (0.57–1.00) | 0.70 (0.50–0.90) | 0.83 (0.61–1.00) |
| 72 hours (n=25) | 0.87 (0.71–1.00) | 0.78 (0.56–1.00) | 0.94 (0.82–1.00) |
| 84 hours (n=15) | 0.89 (0.69–1.00) | 0.75 (0.40–1.00) | 0.89 (0.69–1.00) |
| 96 hours (n=13) | 0.75 (0.39–1.00) | 0.54 (0.18–0.90) | 0.75 (0.49–1.00) |
| 108 hours (n=6) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 120 hours (n=6) | 0.80 (0.40–1.00) | 0.50 (0.05–0.23) | 0.90 (0.62–1.00) |
| 132 hours (n=2) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 144 hours (n=4) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 156 hours (n=4) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 168 hours (n=2) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
In this table, performance of GFAP and UCH-L1 alone and in combination is shown.
GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; UCH-L1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase; n/a, data not available.