Table 3

Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for excess weight loss (>7%) according to type of intrapartum intravenous fluid received by mothers for caesarean section

24 hours post partum48 hours post partum72 hours post partum
Model 1 crude OR (95% CI)Model 3 adjusted OR (95% CI)*Model 1 crude OR (95% CI)Model 3 adjusted OR (95% CI)Model 1 crude OR (95% CI)Model 3 adjusted OR (95% CI)*
Colloids plus crystalloids0.9 (0.2 to 3.2)1.0 (0.3 to 3.3)0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)1.0 (0.7 to 1.5)1.3 (0.9 to 2.0)1.4 (0.9 to 2.2)
 Crystalloids onlyReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Maternal age in years0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)1.0 (>0.9 to <1.1)1.0 (>0.9 to 1.0)1.0 (>0.9 to 1.1)1.0 (>0.9 to 1.1)
 Gravida0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)0.3 (0.1 to >99)0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)0.7 (0.2 to 2.5)0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)8.8 (0.7 to >99)
 Para0.9 (0.4 to 1.8)3.8 (<0.1 to 24.6)0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)1.2 (0.3 to 4.7) 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) 0.1 (<0.1 to 0.8)
 Abortus0.9 (0.4 to 1.8)3.3 (<0.1 to 19.7)0.9 (0.7 to 1.1)1.3 (0.4 to 5.0)0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)0.1 (<0.1 to 1.2)
 Gestational age1.1 (0.8 to 1.6)0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)0.9 (0.8 to 1.1)
 Cigarette smoking2.8 (0.9 to 8.3)1.9 (0.5 to 5.9)0.7 (0.5 to 1.1)0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)
 Drug use4.2 (0.9 to 19.7)2.8 (0.4 to 13.6)0.7 (0.3 to 1.5)0.6 (0.3 to 1.6)1.1 (0.5 to 2.6)1.3 (0.5 to 3.4)
 Alcohol drinking1.1 (0.2 to 4.8)1.0 (0.2 to 3.7)1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)1.1 (0.7 to 2.0)
 Hypertension during pregnancy0.5 (<0.1 to 3.7)0.2 (<0.1 to 2.6)0.5 (0.3 to 1.0)0.6 (0.3 to 1.3)0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)0.5 (0.2 to 1.1)
 Gestational diabetes1.3 (0.2 to 10.1)1.6 (0.2 to 7.3)1.2 (0.6 to 2.2)1.4 (0.7 to 2.8)0.7 (0.4 to 1.5)1.2 (0.5 to 3.0)
 Pre-eclampsia1.4 (0.2 to 10.7)3.8 (0.3 to 22.8) 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8) 0.6 (0.2 to 1.4)1.1 (0.5 to 2.0)1.5 (0.7 to 3.5)
 Epidural before caesarean section1.3 (0.5 to 3.6)0.9 (0.2 to 3.6)1.3 (0.9 to 1.6)1.5 (1.0 to 2.4)0.9 (0.6 to 1.2)0.9 (0.5 to 1.4)
 Elective caesarean section0.6 (0.2 to 1.8)0.6 (0.2 to 2.6)1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) 1.3 (1.0 to 1.9) 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9)
 Apgar score1.4 (0.6 to 3.2)1.2 (0.8 to 3.4)1.2 (1.0 to 1.3)1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)1.1 (0.9 to 1.2)
 Fever during hospitalisation1.6 (<0.1 to 13.2)1.5 (<0.1 to 13.6)2.6 (0.9 to 7.8)3.3 (1.1 to 10.4)0.8 (0.3 to 2.3)1.0 (0.3 to 3.1)
 Exclusive breast feeding during hospitalisation0.7 (0.2 to 2.0)0.9 (0.3 to 2.7)1.3 (1.0 to 1.8)1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2)
 Phototherapy on day 14.0 (0.5 to 32.9)7.7 (0.7 to 46.1)1.1 (0.4 to 3.1)1.4 (0.4 to 4.8)0.3 (0.1 to 1.1)0.3 (0.1 to 1.2)
 Phototherapy on day 2N/AN/A1.1 (0.5 to 2.3)1.6 (0.7 to 3.9)0.9 (0.4 to 2.0)1.7 (0.7 to 4.4)
 Phototherapy on day 3N/AN/AN/AN/A0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)0.8 (0.4 to 1.6)
 Urine during day 11.0 (0.8 to 1.4)0.8 (0.6 to 1.2)1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)
 Urine during day 2N/AN/A0.8 (0.8 to 0.9)0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)
 Urine during day 3N/AN/AN/AN/A 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)
 Stools during day 1 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)1.0 (0.8 to 1.1)
 Stools during day 2N/AN/A 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)
 Stools during day 3N/AN/AN/AN/A 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8)

  • Model 2 adjusted results were similar to the adjusted results of model 3 (only results from model 3 are presented in the table; results of model 2 are available on request).

  • Model 2 adjusted for maternal age, gestational diabetes, hypertension during pregnancy, number of pregnancies, viable births, lost pregnancies, gestational age, pre-eclampsia, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drug use, epidural before caesarean section and election to have a caesarean section.

  • N/A, not applicable.

  • *Firth penalised maximum likelihood estimation method was used for quasi-complete separation.