Outcome measures as reported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) for the outpatient setting in children 1–18 years; step 2 (n=109)
| Subdomain | Outcome | n |
| Domain: defecation | ||
| Constipation | Duration of constipation | 3 |
| Constipation | 2 | |
| Disappearance of constipation | 2 | |
| Defecation frequency | Defecation frequency | 60 |
| Regular soft bowel movements | 1 | |
| Stool consistency | Stool consistency | 34 |
| Quality of stools | 3 | |
| Painful defecation | Pain with defecation | 21 |
| Domain: associated symptoms | ||
| Abdominal pain/discomfort | Abdominal pain | 42 |
| Discomfort | 14 | |
| No bowel distention | 1 | |
| Abdominal bloating | 1 | |
| Faecal incontinence | Faecal incontinence | 28 |
| Bowel habits—other | Blood in stool | 9 |
| Less anxious to defecate | 3 | |
| Normal bowel movement | 2 | |
| Less stool withholding | 2 | |
| Clarity of bowel movement | 1 | |
| Amount of stool | 1 | |
| Sensation of emptying | 1 | |
| Number of days without stool | 1 | |
| Emergency defecation on the way to school | 1 | |
| Crying | Crying | 4 |
| Straining | Straining | 3 |
| Other gastrointestinal complaints | Less gas | 1 |
| Domain: quality of life | ||
| Quality of life | Quality of life of child/parents | 18 |
| Reduce stress in family | 4 | |
| Reduce parental anxiety | 3 | |
| Behaviour/energy/mood of child | 3 | |
| Normal social life | 1 | |
| Parent’s discomfort | 1 | |
| Domain: treatment success | ||
| Faecal impaction | Rectal impaction | 3 |
| Faecal impaction resolves | 1 | |
| Efficiency of disimpaction | 1 | |
| No effect of clean out | 1 | |
| Satisfaction | Satisfaction of child/parent | 4 |
| Patient satisfaction | 1 | |
| Parental satisfaction | 1 | |
| Treatment compliance | Treatment compliance | 5 |
| Diet | Diet | 3 |
| Improve appetite/normalisation of food intake | 3 | |
| Eating problems | 2 | |
| Less milk | 1 | |
| More fibre | 1 | |
| Nutritional status | 1 | |
| Education | Parental reassurance | 1 |
| Explanation of normal stool pattern | 1 | |
| Explanation of long duration of therapy | 1 | |
| Re-education | 1 | |
| Explanation about the disease | 1 | |
| Improvement | Time to improvement of symptoms | 2 |
| Improvement of clinical status | 1 | |
| Adequate relief | Adequate relief rated by patients and parents | 1 |
| Lack of success | Lack of success | 1 |
| Domain: use of medication | ||
| Medication | Use of laxatives | 8 |
| Characteristics of medication (like taste and side effects) | 8 | |
| Re-education of pharmacological treatment | 2 | |
| No medication required | 2 | |
| Efficacy of medication | 2 | |
| Decrease of harmful medication | 1 | |
| Already used medication | 1 | |
| Domain: hospital | ||
| Hospital visits | Fewer consultations with HCPs | 3 |
| Number of visits to outpatient department | 1 | |
| Domain: other | ||
| Growth | Thriving/growth | 5 |
| Weight loss | 1 | |
| Other | School attendance | 4 |
| Manage anal fissure | 3 | |
| Sleep | 2 | |
| Frequency of voiding | 1 | |
| Costs of treatment | 1 | |
| Presence of alarm symptoms | 1 | |
| Adequate nursing by family | 1 | |
| Physical examination | 1 | |
| Colonic transit time | 1 | |
| Decrease of diameter of the rectum | 1 | |
| Control of sphincter | 1 | |
Three unclear outcomes such as ‘familiar environment’ and ‘organisation’ were not displayed.