Sociodemographic, obstetric and newborn characteristics associated with SGA births (chart review)
| Characteristics | SGA (n=7221) | AGA (n=53 474) | Total (n=60 695) | cOR (95% CI) | P value |
| Mothers’ age (years) (n=60 695) | |||||
| Mean age±SD | 23.43±4.44 | 23.98±4.35 | 23.92±4.37 | ||
| 15–19 | 1276 (17.7%) | 7148 (13.4%) | 8424 (13.9%) | 1.40 (1.31 to 1.49) | <0.001 |
| 20–34 | 5751 (79.6%) | 44 934 (84.0%) | 50 685 (83.5%) | Reference | |
| 35 and above | 194 (2.7%) | 1392 (2.6%) | 1586 (2.6%) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.27) | 0.274 |
| Ethnicity (n=60 695) | |||||
| Dalit | 1398 (19.4%) | 9271 (17.3%) | 10 669 (17.6%) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.488 |
| Janajati | 1945 (26.9%) | 15 675 (29.3%) | 17 620 (29.0%) | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.91) | <0.001 |
| Madhesi | 672 (9.3%) | 3893 (7.3%) | 4565 (7.5%) | 1.08 (0.92 to 1.28) | 0.334 |
| Muslim | 220 (3.0%) | 1382 (2.6%) | 1602 (2.6%) | Reference | |
| Chhetri/Brahmin | 2717 (37.6%) | 21 105 (39.5%) | 23 822 (39.2%) | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) | 0.005 |
| Other castes | 269 (3.7%) | 2148 (4.0%) | 2417 (4.0%) | 0.79 (0.65 to 0.95) | 0.014 |
| Parity (n=60 695) | |||||
| Multiparous (>2 births) | 1218 (16.9%) | 9183 (17.2%) | 10 401 (17.1%) | Reference | |
| Nulliparous | 3883 (53.8%) | 25 906 (48.4%) | 29 789 (49.1%) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) | <0.001 |
| Primiparous (1 birth) | 2120 (29.4%) | 18 385 (34.4%) | 20 505 (33.8%) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Deliveries (n=60 695) | |||||
| Single | 7064 (97.8%) | 53 254 (99.6%) | 60 318 (99.4%) | Reference | |
| Multiple | 157 (2.2%) | 220 (0.4%) | 377 (0.6%) | 5.38 (4.38 to 6.61) | <0.001 |
| Anaemia (n=6057) | |||||
| No | 696 (93.5%) | 5162 (97.2%) | 5858 (96.7%) | Reference | |
| Yes | 48 (6.5%) | 151 (2.8%) | 199 (3.3%) | 2.36 (1.69 to 3.29) | <0.001 |
| Antepartum haemorrhage (n=60 695) | |||||
| No | 7170 (99.3%) | 53 284 (99.6%) | 60 454 (99.6%) | Reference | |
| Yes | 51 (0.7%) | 190 (0.4%) | 241 (0.4%) | 2.01 (1.46 to 2.72) | <0.001 |
| Sex of baby | |||||
| Male | 3353 (46.4%) | 29 374 (54.9%) | 32 727 (53.9%) | Reference | |
| Female | 3868 (53.6%) | 24 100 (45.1%) | 27 968 (46.1%) | 1.41 (1.34 to 1.48) | <0.001 |
AGA, appropriate weight for gestational age; cOR, crude OR; SGA, small for gestational age.