Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics associated with SGA births (interview)
| Characteristics | SGA (n=7221) | AGA (n=53 474) | Total (n=60 695) | cOR (95% CI) | P value |
| Education (n=60 525) | |||||
| Illiterate | 440 (6.1%) | 2474 (4.6%) | 2914 (4.8%) | 1.55 (1.38 to 1.74) | <0.001 |
| Literate | 818 (11.4%) | 5370 (10.1%) | 6188 (10.2%) | 1.23 (1.13 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Basic education | 1166 (16.2%) | 8513 (16.0%) | 9679 (16.0%) | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.23) | <0.001 |
| Secondary education and above | 3476 (63.9%) | 30 835 (68.6%) | 34 311 (68.1%) | Reference | |
| Smoking (n=60 525) | |||||
| No | 6349 (88.5%) | 47 591 (89.2%) | 53 940 (89.1%) | Reference | |
| Yes | 828 (11.5%) | 5757 (10.8%) | 6585 (10.9%) | 1.10 (1.01 o 1.20) | 0.032 |
| Anyone in the same house smokes (n=60 525) | |||||
| No | 5215 (72.7%) | 39 897 (74.8%) | 45 112 (74.5%) | Reference | |
| Yes | 1962 (27.3%) | 13 451 (25.2%) | 15 413 (25.5%) | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Type of fuel use for cooking (n=60 525) | |||||
| Clean | 2721 (37.9%) | 21 639 (40.6%) | 24 360 (40.3%) | Reference | |
| Polluted | 2033 (28.3%) | 12 880 (24.1%) | 14 913 (24.6%) | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.45) | <0.001 |
| Both clean and polluted fuel | 2423 (33.8%) | 18 824 (35.3%) | 21 247 (35.1%) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.10) | 0.495 |
| ANC visit (n=49 867) | |||||
| Four or more visits | 3901 (72.4%) | 34 415 (77.4%) | 38 316 (76.8%) | Reference | |
| Less than four visits | 1486 (27.6%) | 10 065 (22.6%) | 11 551 (23.2%) | 1.30 (1.22 to 1.39) | <0.001 |
| Time of first ANC visit (n=49 867) | |||||
| First trimester | 2042 (37.9%) | 18 806 (42.3%) | 20 848 (41.8%) | Reference | |
| Second trimester | 2277 (42.3%) | 18 627 (41.9%) | 20 904 (41.9%) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.20) | <0.001 |
| Third trimester | 1068 (19.8%) | 7047 (15.8%) | 8115 (16.3%) | 1.40 (1.29 to 1.51) | <0.001 |
| Delivery preparation (n=50 392) | |||||
| Yes | 4587 (84.4%) | 39 430 (87.7%) | 44 017 (87.3%) | Reference | |
| No | 849 (15.6%) | 5526 (12.3%) | 6375 (12.7%) | 1.32 (1.22 to 1.43) | <0.001 |
AGA, appropriate weight for gestational age; ANC, antenatal care; cOR, crude OR; SGA, small for gestational age.