| Debt bondage/bonded labour | Frequent form of modern slavery where the victim is forced to work to pay of a debt (this may include repayment of a ‘gift’ of sportswear or other item previously received by the child). Victim has little control over their debt which is often manipulated and increased exponentially to maintain control. Linked to all other forms of exploitation.
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| Human trafficking (child)’ | Defined as the ‘recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt’ of a child (<18 years of age) for the purpose of exploitation.3
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| Labour exploitation | Forced work in businesses or sites including building, agriculture, food and manufacture industries. Victim may live on site. An adolescent victim may also hold a legitimate job* but perpetrators hold control over the victim’s bank account.
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| Domestic servitude | Victim may be forced to undertake household chores (may include childcare) for partner and often relatives. If in the context of marriage, this may be forced, arranged and/or in conjunction with other forms of domestic and sexual abuse. Victims (including young children) may be exploited by relatives and extended family for household duties. Schooling and free play may be denied. Victims may be forced to stay with, and work for unrelated strangers. Victims are often confined to the property.
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| Sexual exploitation | Victims may be exploited by individuals or groups of offenders and may be frequently relocated for abuse. Victims may be advertised online. Victims may be trafficked and exploited in fixed brothel settings or rooms in businesses (ie, massage parlours). Victims may be trafficked for the personal gratification of the offender(s) which may include long periods of victim confinement. Victim may be forced to perform or be subjected to sexual acts online or for imagery.
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| Criminal exploitation | Forced gang-related criminal activity, commonly related to drug networks including ‘County Lines’ drug distribution using dedicated phone lines. Forced labour for illegal purposes, including cannabis cultivation. Forced acquisitive crimes including pickpocketing and shoplifting. Forced begging. Financial and benefit fraud. Children’s bank accounts may also be used for money laundering. Trafficking for forced, sham marriage.
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| Descent-based slavery | |
| Organ harvesting | |