Prevalence, incidence and recurrence (%) of DSM-IV and DSM-5-defined insomnia (n=1037)
| Age (years) | DSM-IV insomnia (95% CI) | DSM-5 insomnia (95% CI) | ||||
| Prevalence | Incidence | Recurrence | Prevalence | Incidence | Recurrence | |
| 4 | 2.6% (1.6% to 3.5%) | 2.6% (1.6% to 3.5%) | n/a | – | ||
| 6 | 2.4% (1.4% to 3.5%) | 1.7% (0.9% to 2.6%) | n/a | – | ||
| 8* | 8.3% (6.2% to 10.5%) | 6.2% (4.3% to 8.1%) | 0.3% (0.0% to 0.6%) | – | ||
| 10 | 10.2% (7.8% to 12.6%) | 6.5% (4.4% to 8.6%) | 0.7% (0.0% to 1.3%) | 12.3% (9.5% to 15.2%) | 7.7% (5.3% to 10.1%) | 0.7% (0.0% to 1.4%) |
| 12 | 7.9% (5.6% to 10.1%) | 2.3% (0.9% to 3.6%) | 1.2% (0.3% to 2.2%) | 7.5% (5.3% to 9.8%) | 1.6% (0.5% to 2.6%) | 1.1% (0.2% to 2.0%) |
| 14 | 10.5% (7.8% to 13.1%) | 4.9% (3.0% to 6.8%) | 1.4% (0.3% to 2.6%) | 10.5% (7.5% to 13.4%) | 3.7% (1.8% to 5.5%) | 1.1% (0.0% to 2.1%) |
These estimates are population-corrected estimates. Ages 4–6 years, parent report; ages 8–14, joint report. Incidence estimates represent current insomnia cases with no history of insomnia. Recurrence estimates are current insomnia cases without insomnia at the preceding time point, but a history of insomnia prior to the previous time point. DSM-5 incidence at age 10 years and recurrence at ages 10–14 years are based on DSM-IV data on time points without DSM-5 data (ages 4–8 years).
*Proxy measure of insomnia—thresholds of 1-hour sleep latency/time awake at night.
DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; n/a, not available.