Search strategy
| Search string 1 | Search string 2 | Search string 3 |
| Congenital abnormalities, congenital anomalies, congenital malformation, abdominal wall defect, aganglionosis, anal atresia, anal stenosis, anorectal malformation, anorectal stenosis, apple peel syndrome, biliary atresia, birth defects, bladder exstrophy, branchial tag, branchial vestige, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, cervicoaural fistula, choledochal cyst, cleft lip, cleft palate, clubfoot, colonic atresia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart defects, congenital hydronephrosis, conjoined twins, cryptorchidism, diaphragmatic eventration, Down syndrome, duodenal atresia, duodenal obstruction, duodenal web, epispadias, exomphalos, fetal malformation, gastroschisis, Hirschsprung’s disease, hydrocele, hypospadias, ileal atresia, imperforate anus, imperforate hymen, indeterminate sex, intestinal atresia, jejunal atresia, jejuno-ileal atresia, malrotation, maxillofacial abnormalities, megacolon, mouth abnormalities, neural tube defects, oesophageal atresia, omphalocele, orofacial clefts, pectus excavatum, pes cavus, phimosis, polycystic kidney disease, polydactyly, preauricular sinus, rectosigmoid aganglionosis, redundant neck fold, renal anomalies, spina bifida, syndactyly, tongue tie, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, umbilical hernia, undescended testicle, urogenital abnormalities, volvulus, webbed neck. | LMICs, low- and middle-income countries, developing countries, low resource settings, underdeveloped countries, low-income countries, middle-income countries, limited resource settings, Africa South of the Sahara, Sub-Saharan Africa, less resourced communities, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Egypt Arab Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao PDR, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kabul, Porto-Novo, Hogbonou, Adjace, Cotonou, Kutonu, Ouagadougou, Ouaga, Bujumbura, Usumbura, Phnom Penh, Bangui, Bangi, N’Djamena, Ndjamena, Fort Lamy, Moroni, Kinshasa, Asmara, Asmera, Addis Ababa, Addis Abeba, Banjul, Bathurst, Conakry, Bissau, Port-au-Prince, Pyongyang, Monrovia, Antananarivo, Tananarive, Tana, Lilongwe, Bamako, Maputo, Lourenco Marques, Kathmandu, Niamey, Kigali, Freetown, Free-town, Mogadishu, Xamar, Hamar, Muqdisho, Maqadishu, Juba, Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, Lome, Kampala, Harare, Salisbury, Yerevan, Dhaka, Dacca, Thimphu, Thimbu, Sucre, Charcas, La Plata, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Praia, Yaounde, Jaunde, Brazzaville, Yamoussoukro, Cairo, Accra, Tegucigalpa, Tegus, New Delhi, Jakarta, Nairobi, South Tarawa, Tarawa Teinainano, Pristina, Prishtina, Bishkek, Pishpek, Frunze, Vientiane, Maseru, Nouakchott, Palikir, Chisinau, Kishinev, Rabat, Nay Pyi Taw, Naypyidaw, Nepranytau, Naypyitaw, Kyetpyay, Pyinmana, Kyatpyay, Pyinmana, Yangon, Rangoon, Managua, Abuja, Lagos, Islamabad, Port Moresby, Moresby, Pom Town, Manila, Apia, Dakar, Honiara, Jayawardenepura, Jayewardenepura, Khartoum, Mbabane, Embabane, Lobamba, Damascus, Dushanbe, Dyushambe, Stalinabad, Dili, Kyiv, Kiev, Tashkent, Toshkent, Port Vila, Hanoi, Ha Noi, Sana’a, Sanaa, Sana, Lusaka, Ulaanbaatar, Ulan-Bator, Luanda, Tbilisi, Amman. | Cost, cost effectiveness, cost benefit analysis, cost of illness, cost effective surgical intervention, health care cost, DALYs, disability adjusted life years, QALYs, quality adjusted life years, HALYs, health adjusted life years. |
The search strings were used during the literature search for this systematic review. Search string 1 encompasses congenital anomalies found in neonates that commonly require surgical intervention. Search string 2 includes all low-income and middle-income countries. Search string 3 describes the cost-effectiveness of an intervention.