Obstetrics characteristics of mothers in five referral hospitals of Amhara region Northern Ethiopia, 2019 (cases=149, controls=298)
| Characteristics | Category | Neonatal jaundice | |
| Yes (%) | No (%) | ||
| Health institutions | University of Gondar referral hospital | 31 (20.8) | 71 (23.8) |
| Debre Markos referral hospital | 14 (9.4) | 31 (10.4) | |
| Felege Hiwot referral hospital | 53 (35.6) | 67 (22.5) | |
| Debre Birhan referral hospital | 28 (18.8) | 65 (21.8) | |
| Dessie referral hospital | 23 (15.4) | 64 (21.5) | |
| Number of delivery (parity) | Primiparous | 100 (67.1) | 244 (81.9) |
| Multiparous | 49 (32.9) | 54 (18.1) | |
| Previous child Hx of neonatal jaundice | Yes | 21 (14.1) | 19 (6.4) |
| No | 128 (85.9) | 279 (93.6) | |
| Antenatal care follow-up | Yes | 145 (97.3) | 272 (91.3) |
| No | 4 (2.7) | 26 (8.7) | |
| Number of antenatal care visit(n=417) | 1 | 10 (6.7) | 31 (10.4) |
| 2–4 | 116 (77.9) | 204 (68.5) | |
| >4 | 23 (15.4) | 63 (21.1) | |
| Hx of using traditional medicine | Yes | 3 (2.0) | 11 (3.7) |
| No | 146 (98.0) | 287 (96.3) | |
| Obstetrics complication during pregnancy | Yes | 56 (37.6) | 83 (27.9) |
| No | 93 (62.4) | 215 (72.1) | |
| Type of obstetrics complication | HTN | 24 (46.2) | 28 (53.8) |
| Obstructed labour | 3 (37.5) | 5 (62.5) | |
| Antepartum haemorrhage | 12 (36.4) | 21 (63.6) | |
| Anaemia | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | |
| Multiple pregnancy | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | |
| Gestational DM | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | |
| Oligohaydraminous | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | |
| Rh status | Positive | 128 (85.9) | 250 (83.9) |
| Negative | 21 (14.1) | 48 (16.1) | |
| Blood group | A | 35 (23.5) | 60 (20.1) |
| B | 33 (22.1) | 61 (20.5) | |
| AB | 19 (12.8) | 44 (14.8) | |
| O | 62 (41.6) | 133 (44.6) | |
| Gestational age at birth (in weeks) | Preterm | 57 (38.3) | 64 (21.5) |
| Term | 72 (48.3) | 177 (59.4) | |
| Post term | 9 (6.0) | 19 (6.4) | |
| Unknown | 11 (7.4) | 38 (12.8) | |
| Onset of labour | Spontaneous | 132 (88.6) | 240 (80.5) |
| Induced | 15 (10.1) | 40 (13.4) | |
| Not in labour | 2 (1.3) | 18 (6.0) | |
| Method of induction (n=55) | Oxytocin | 13 (86.7) | 40(100) |
| Others | 2 (13.3) | – | |
| Presentation | Normal presentation | 136 (91.3) | 282 (94.6) |
| Malpresentation | 13 (8.7) | 16 (5.4) | |
| Premature rupture of membrane | Yes | 53 (35.6) | 54 (18.1) |
| No | 96 (64.4) | 244 (81.9) | |
| Meconium stained amniotic fluid (n=107) | Yes | 15 (28.3) | 17 (31.5) |
| No | 38 (71.7) | 37 (68.5) | |
| Meconium stained amniotic fluid Grade (n=32) | Grade I | 4 (26.7) | 7 (41.2) |
| Grade II | 8 (53.3) | 8 (47.1) | |
| Grade III | 3 (20.0) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Duration of labour | Normal | 96 (64.4) | 214 (71.8) |
| Prolonged | 53 (35.6) | 84 (28.2) | |
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 99 (66.4) | 207 (69.5) |
| Caesarean section | 39 (26.2) | 63 (21.1) | |
| Instrumental delivery | 11 (7.4) | 28 (9.4) | |
DM, Diabetes Mellitus; HTN, Hypertension.