Significant univariate associations between infant mortality and infant-related factors of VLBW infants
| Variables | Category | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | P value |
| Gender | Female vs Male | 1.02 (0.70 to 1.48) | 0.94 |
| GA (weeks) | 25–32 vs 33–37 | 4.15 (2.93 to 5.88) | <0.01 |
| HIV exposed | No vs yes | 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56) | 0.05 |
| Birth weight (g) | ≤1000 vs>1000 | 2.87 (2.08 to 3.96) | <0.01 |
| IUGR | Yes vs no | 0.47 (0.35 to 0.65) | <0.01 |
| Resuscitation at birth | Yes vs no | 4.45 (3.43 to 5.78) | <0.01 |
| Apgar 1 min | 0–6 vs 7–10 | 2.46 (1.99 to 3.05) | <0.01 |
| Apgar 5 min | 0–6 vs 7–10 | 2.42 (2.12 to 2.77) | <0.01 |
| HMD | Yes vs no | 2.03 (1.72 to 2.38) | <0.01 |
| Other illnesses | Yes vs no | 1.59 (1.20 to 2.09) | 0.01 |
| Oxygen support | Yes vs no | 9.68 (7.39 to 12.68) | <0.01 |
| Days on oxygen | 0–1 day vs >1 day | 1.44 (0.94 to 2.21) | 0.09 |
| Surfactant given | Yes vs no | 3.59 (2.77 to 4.65) | <0.01 |
| Weight gain | Yes vs no | 3.39 (2.21 to 5.19) | <0.01 |
| Sepsis | Yes vs no | 6.41 (3.78 to 10.88) | <0.01 |
| Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) | Yes vs no | 5.19 (3.03 to 8.90) | <0.01 |
| Persistant ductus arteriosus PDA | No vs yes | 2.83 (1.47 to 5.47) | <0.01 |
| Resuscitation during stay | Yes vs no | 12.31 (5.85 to 25.88) | 0.01 |
Infant-related factors that were not significantly associated with mortality in the univariate regression analysis are not shown in this table, besides gender.
ANC, antenatal clinic; GA, gestational age; HMD, hyaline membrane disease; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; Other, other problems like neonatal jaundice, hypoglycaemia, necrotising enterocolitis, hypothermia; PDA, persistent ductus arteriosus; VLBW, very low birth weight.