Cytokine production in children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection20 26 32 33
| Adults | Children | ||||||
| Severe | Mild | Asymptomatic | PIMS-TS | Severe | Mild | Asymptomatic | |
| CYTOKINES | ↑IL-6 | ↑IL-6 | ↔IL-6 | ↑IL-6 | ↔IL-6 | ↔IL-6 | ↔IL-6 |
| ↑ IL-10 | ↑IL-10 | ↑ IL-10 | ↑ IL-10 | ↑ IL-10 | ↑ IL-10 | ↑ IL-10 | |
| ↑IFN | ↑ IFN | ↔IFN | ↑IFN | ↑/↔IFN | ↑/↔IFN | ↔IFN | |
| ↑ TNFα | ↑ TNFα | ↔ TNFα | ↑ TNFα | ↔ TNFα | ↔ TNFα | ↔ TNFα | |
| ↑/↔ IL-1β | ↑/↔ IL-1β | ↔ IL-1β | n/a | ↔ IL-1β | ↔ IL-1β | ↔ IL-1β | |
| ↑/↔ IL-8 | ↑/↔ IL-8 | ↔ IL-8 | ↑ IL-8 | ↑ IL-8 | ↔ IL-8 | ↔ IL-8 | |
| ↑/↔ IL-17 | ↑/↔ IL-17 | ↔ IL-17 | ↑ IL-17 | ↑/↔ IL-17 | ↑/↔ IL-17 | ↔ IL-17 | |
↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ↔, unchanged.
IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; n/a, not available; PIMS-TS, paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha.