Resuscitation procedures during the first and second minute after arriving at the resuscitation table
| Place of birth | Total (n=99) | Labour ward (n=51) | Theatre (n=48) | P value |
| Time | Seconds (IQR) | Seconds (IQR) | Seconds (IQR) | |
| Ventilation | ||||
| Time to initiation of PPV from birth* | 137 (94–168) | 161 (142–197) | 92 (68–113) | <0.001 |
| Time to initiation of PPV after arrival to the table | 66 (44–102) | 71 (52–107) | 62 (38–83) | 0.126 |
| Total duration of PPV at 1 min | 0 (0–10) | 0 (0–10) | 0 (0–12) | 0.159 |
| Total duration of PPV at 2 min | 18 (7–30) | 19 (7–32) | 18 (8–25) | 0.623 |
| Total duration of PPV at first 2 min | 21 (12–36) | 19 (9–43) | 23 (14–32) | 0.616 |
| Total duration of interruption at 1 min of ventilation | 28 (18–37) | 25 (15–35) | 29 (24–38) | 0.132 |
| Total duration of interruption at first 2 min of ventilation | 72 (47–89) | 68 (45–84) | 81 (57–93) | 0.059 |
| Stimulation | ||||
| Total stimulation time at 1 min | 9 (3–18) | 5 (0–9) | 16 (11–21) | <0.001 |
| Total stimulation time at 2 min | 5 (0–10) | 4 (0–8) | 2 (6–10) | 0.125 |
| Total stimulation time at first 2 min | 16 (7–26) | 8 (4–21) | 24 (15–29) | <0.001 |
| Suction | ||||
| Total suction time at 1 min | 21 (8–29) | 23 (10–33) | 18 (6–25) | 0.136 |
| Total suction time at 2 min | 7 (0–20) | 4 (0–21) | 9 (0–19) | 0.244 |
| Total suction time at first 2 min | 28 (15–43) | 28 (16–44) | 29 (14–43) | 0.737 |
| Frequency | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Only one birth attendant | 62 (63) | 29 (57) | 33 (69) | 0.299 |
| Ventilation procedure | ||||
| Not recommended head position | 31 (31) | 8 (16) | 23 (48) | 0.001 |
| Not accurate mask position | 16 (16) | 5 (10) | 11 (23) | 0.103 |
| Heart rate assessment | ||||
| By auscultation | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| By umbilical cord palpation | 5 (5) | 1 (2) | 4 (8) | 0.196 |
| By chest palpation | 11 (11) | 9 (18) | 2 (4) | 0.052 |
Results are presented as median seconds (IQR) or n (%) and compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
*For resuscitations taking place at the labour ward (n=51) and theatre (n=48), the estimated time from birth to resuscitation was 90 s and 30 s, respectively. All other measurements in the table are from when the neonate arrives at the resuscitation table.
PPV, positive pressure ventilation.