Pregnancy-related and delivery-related variables of included infants born between 2014 and 2018 in the Farafenni Health and Demographics Surveillance System and their association with mortality in each of the three periods considered (neonatal, ≤28 days; postneonatal, 28–365 days and first year, 0–365 days)
| Died in ≤28 days | Died in >28–365 days | Died in 0–365 days | Alive at 365 days | Total | |
| Subjects | 64/7131 (0.90%) | 62/7152 (0.87%) | 126/7365 (1.71%) | 7239/7365 (98.29%) | 7365 |
| Pregnancy-related and delivery-related variables | |||||
| Any IPTP | p=NA | p=0.740 | p=0.313 | ||
| No | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.61%) | 1 (0.79%) | 144 (2.07%) | 145 (2.05%) |
| Yes | 64 (100%) | 61 (98.39%) | 125 (99.21%) | 6812 (97.93%) | 6937 (97.95%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 283 | 283 |
| Season of birth | p=0.335 | p=0.042 | p=0.035 | ||
| Hungry (July to December) | 28 (43.75%) | 21 (33.87%) | 49 (38.89%) | 3645 (50.35%) | 3694 (50.16%) |
| Harvest (January to June) | 36 (56.25%) | 41 (66.13%) | 77 (61.11%) | 3594 (49.65%) | 3671 (49.84%) |
| Place of birth | p=0.009 | p=0.590 | p=0.017 | ||
| Hospital | 21 (32.81%) | 28 (45.16%) | 49 (38.89%) | 3130 (45.02%) | 3179 (44.91%) |
| Health centre/clinic | 25 (39.06%) | 16 (25.81%) | 41 (32.54%) | 1548 (22.27%) | 1589 (22.45%) |
| Someone’s home | 18 (28.13%) | 18 (29.03%) | 36 (28.57%) | 2274 (32.71%) | 2310 (32.64%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 287 | 287 |
| Mode of delivery | p=0.794 | p=0.026 | p=0.065* | ||
| Vaginal | 60 (96.77%) | 57 (91.94%) | 117 (94.35%) | 6775 (97.41%) | 6892 (97.36%) |
| Caesarean section | 2 (3.23%) | 5 (8.06%) | 7 (5.65%) | 180 (2.59%) | 187 (2.64%) |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 | 284 | 286 |
| Birth weight | Num: p<0.001† Cat: p<0.001† | Num: p<0.001† Cat: p=0.016† | Num: p<0.001† Cat: p<0.001† | ||
| Median (IQR) | 2.6 kg (1.8–3.2) | 2.8 kg (2.5–3) | 2.8 kg (2.1–3.13) | 3 kg (2.7–3.3) | 3 kg (2.7–3.3) |
| >2500 g | 22 (62.86%) | 30 (76.92%) | 52 (70.27%) | 4079 (91.27%) | 4131 (90.93%) |
| <2500 g | 13 (37.14%) | 9 (23.08%) | 22 (29.73%) | 390 (8.73%) | 412 (9.07%) |
| Missing; born in hospital: 11%; health centre: 7%; someone’s home: 73% | 29 | 23 | 52 | 2770 | 2822 |
| Breast feeding | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | ||
| Yes | 34 (54.84%) | 54 (87.1%) | 88 (70.97%) | 6656 (96.32%) | 6744 (95.88%) |
| No | 28 (45.16%) | 8 (12.9%) | 36 (29.03%) | 254 (3.68%) | 290 (4.12%) |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 | 329 | 331 |
Row percentages do not add up to 100% because the sample size is slightly different for each group. P values are for the univariable analysis (Cox regression) of each risk factor on mortality in each time period (values<0.05 are bolded). Bolded p values indicate statistical significance.
*This variable was included in the multivariable model, as p<0.20.
†This variable was not included in the multivariable model, despite having a significant association with the outcome at the univariable level, because of the high number of missing values.
cat, categorical variable; IPTP, intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy; num, numerical variable.