Significant events and environment characteristics of included infants born between 2014 and 2018 in the Farafenni Health and Demographics Surveillance System and their association with mortality in each of the three periods considered (neonatal, ≤28 days; postneonatal, 28–365 days and first year, 0–365 days)
| Died in ≤28 days | Died in >28–365 days | Died in 0–365 days | Alive at 365 days | Total | |
| Subjects | 64/7131 (0.90%) | 62/7152 (0.87%) | 126/7365 (1.71%) | 7239/7365 (98.29%) | 7365 |
| Environment characteristics | |||||
| Setting* | p<0.001 | p=0.494 | p<0.001 | ||
| Urban and peri-urban | 0.43 (28.52%) | 13.42 (54.59%) | 16.3 (52.98%) | 3642.31 (58.81%) | 3658.61 (58.78%) |
| Rural | 1.08 (71.48%) | 11.16 (45.41%) | 14.47 (47.02%) | 2551.27 (41.19%) | 2565.74 (41.22%) |
| Village has public health centre (PHC)* | p=0.078† | p=0.538 | p=0.085† | ||
| No | 0.48 (31.59%) | 3.43 (13.96%) | 4.75 (15.45%) | 928.28 (14.99%) | 933.04 (14.99%) |
| Yes | 1.04 (68.41%) | 21.14 (86.04%) | 26.02 (84.55%) | 5265.3 (85.01%) | 5291.32 (85.01%) |
| Distance to nearest village with PHC | p=0.144‡ | p=0.047 | p=0.924 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 0.5 km (0–1.5) | 1.5 km (0–3) | 1 km (0–2.75) | 1 km (0–2) | 1 km (0–2) |
| Significant events | |||||
| Mother’s death* | p=NA | p=NA | p=NA | ||
| No | 1.52 (100%) | 23.7 (100%) | 29.82 (100%) | 5992.35 (99.97%) | 6022.17 (99.97%) |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2.08 (0.03%) | 2.08 (0.03%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 199.15 | 200.1 |
| Father’s death* | p=NA | p=NA | p=NA | ||
| Alive | 1.14 (100%) | 18.97 (97.25%) | 23.57 (97.46%) | 4627.92 (99.11%) | 4651.48 (99.1%) |
| Died before birth | 0 (0%) | 0.54 (2.75%) | 0.61 (2.54%) | 35.26 (0.76%) | 35.88 (0.76%) |
| Died in first 30 days/year | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6.59 | 6.25 (0.13%) | 6.25 (0.13%) |
| Missing | 0.37 | 5.07 | 23.57 (97.46%) | 1524.16 | 1530.74 |
| Any sibling died (any time) | p<0.001 | p=0.015 | p<0.001 | ||
| No | 46 (71.88%) | 47 (78.33%) | 93 (75%) | 6203 (89.37%) | 6296 (89.12%) |
| Yes | 18 (28.13%) | 13 (21.67%) | 31 (25%) | 738 (10.63%) | 769 (10.88%) |
| Missing | 0 | 2 | 2 | 298 | 300 |
| Older sibling’s death* | p=0.945 | p=NA | p=0.551 | ||
| <18 months older sibling | 0.05 (3.61%) | 0 (0%) | 0.05 (0.18%) | 85.71 (1.43%) | 85.77 (1.43%) |
| No older sibling, died before birth or >18 months older | 1.46 (96.39%) | 23.7 (100%) | 29.76 (99.82%) | 5900 (98.57%) | 5929.77 (98.57%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 207.87 | 208.82 |
| Moved during first year | p=NA | p=0.571 | p=0.524 | ||
| No | 64 (100%) | 61 (98.39%) | 125 (99.21%) | 6925 (96.15%) | 7050 (96.21%) |
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.61%) | 1 (0.79%) | 277 (3.85%) | 278 (3.79%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 37 |
Row percentages do not add up to 100% because the sample size is slightly different for each group. P values are for the univariable analysis (Cox regression) of each risk factor on mortality in each time period (values<0.05 are bolded). Bolded p values indicate statistical significance.
*Time-varying variable. Categories described in person-years (%).
†This variable was not included in the multivariable model, despite being associated (p<0.20) with the outcome at the univariable level, because it was highly correlated with ‘distance to nearest village with PHC’. It was included in the sensitivity analyses, though.
‡This variable was included in the multivariable model, as p<0.20.
cat, categorical variable; NA, not applicable; num, numerical variable.