Changes in summary values of the respiratory, cardiovascular haemodynamics and core temperature data compared with precuddle period (primary cohort, just cooled)
| Variable | N* | Precuddle | N* | During cuddle | N* | Postcuddle |
| Respiratory parameters | ||||||
| PIP (cmH20) | 54 | Ref | 54 | 0.80 (−0.11 to 1.70) | 53 | −0.19 (−1.10 to 0.72) |
| PEEP (cmH20) | 54 | Ref | 54 | 0.07 (−0.01 to 0.15) | 53 | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.09) |
| MAP (cmH20) | 54 | Ref | 54 | 0.05 (−0.13 to 0.22) | 53 | −0.07 (−0.25 to 0.10) |
| FiO2 (%) | 58 | Ref | 58 | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 57 | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) |
| SaO2 (%) | 58 | Ref | 58 | −0.57 (−1.08 to −0.05) | 57 | 0.12 (−0.40 to 0.63) |
| TI (s) | 54 | Ref | 54 | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 53 | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) |
| ET-CO2 (kPa) | 48 | Ref | 48 | 0.09 (−0.01 to 0.19) | 47 | 0.25 (0.14 to 0.35) |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 54 | Ref | 54 | −1.00 (−2.03 to 0.04) | 53 | 0.16 (−0.88 to 1.20) |
| Respiratory rate | 58 | Ref | 58 | −0.07 (−1.69 to 1.56) | 57 | 1.31 (−0.32 to 2.95) |
| Blood gas measures | ||||||
| pH | 24 | Ref | 2 | −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02) | 23 | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.00) |
| PO2 (kPa) | 24 | Ref | 2 | −3.46 (−7.83 to 0.91) | 23 | −1.42 (−3.00 to 0.15) |
| PCO2 (kPa) | 24 | Ref | 2 | 0.45 (−0.22 to 1.12) | 23 | 0.44 (0.22 to 0.66) |
| Base deficit (mEq/L) | 24 | Ref | 2 | −0.27 (−2.60 to 2.06) | 23 | 0.03 (−0.79 to 0.85) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 24 | Ref | 2 | −0.36 (−1.78 to 1.06) | 23 | −0.27 (−0.79 to 0.26) |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 24 | Ref | 2 | −0.26 (−1.54 to 1.02) | 23 | −0.13 (−0.59 to 0.32) |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| Mean BP (mm Hg) | 58 | Ref | 58 | 1.00 (−2.11 to 4.12) | 57 | 4.09 (0.96 to 7.21) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 58 | Ref | 58 | −1.66 (−5.78 to 2.46) | 57 | −1.17 (−5.31 to 2.98) |
| SPO2 (%) | 51 | Ref | 52 | −0.82 (−1.40 to 0.25) | 51 | −0.34 (−0.92 to 0.23) |
| Neurology | ||||||
| rSCo2 (%) | 54 | Ref | 55 | −0.08 (−1.11 to 0.94) | 54 | −0.11 (−1.14 to 0.92) |
| Seizures (OR) | 57 | Ref | 58 | 0.99 (0.02 to 55.29) | 56 | 1.01 (0.02 to 56.43) |
| Abnormal aEEG† (OR) | 57 | Ref | 57 | 2.58 (0.76 to 8.76) | 56 | 1.05 (0.32 to 3.47) |
| aEEG measures | ||||||
| Lower margin voltage (µV) | 55 | Ref | 55 | −0.17 (−0.63 to 0.29) | 53 | 0.03 (−0.44 to 0.49) |
| Upper margin voltage (µV) | 55 | Ref | 55 | 1.80 (0.83 to 2.72) | 53 | −0.41 (−1.3 to 0.55) |
| Bandwidth (µV) | 55 | Ref | 55 | 1.95 (0.90 to 3.01) | 53 | −0.41 (−1.48 to 0.66) |
| Sleep–wake cycling (OR) | 55 | Ref | 55 | 1.29 (0.19 to 8.86) | 53 | 1.08 (0.15 to 7.55) |
| Pain score >0 | 56 | Ref | 58 | 0.91 (0.32 to −2.58) | 56 | 1.00 (0.35 to −2.84) |
| Temperature | ||||||
| Peripheral temp (°C) | 58 | Ref | 58 | 0.23 (−0.01 to 0.47) | 57 | −0.17 (−0.41 to 0.07) |
| Rectal temp (°C) | 58 | Ref | 58 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.10) | 57 | −0.00 (−0.04 to 0.04) |
Values are SD of the mean (95% CI) or OR (95% CI) as appropriate from the precuddle period.
*Number of cuddles for which data were available.
†aEEG pattern of discontinuous voltage, burst suppression, low voltage or flat trace.
aEEG, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram; BP, blood pressure; ET-CO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; MAP, mean airway pressure; PCO2, partial pressures of carbon dioxide; PEEP, peak end expiratory pressure; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; PO2, partial pressures of oxygen; rScO2, regional cerebral oxygenation; SaO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; TI, inspiratory time.