Summary values of the respiratory, cardiovascular haemodynamics and core temperature data (CoolCuddles during cooling)
| Variable | N* | Precuddle | N* | During cuddle | N* | Postcuddle | P value† |
| Respiratory parameters | |||||||
| PIP (cmH20) | 54 | 12.6 (5.1) | 54 | 13.4 (5.1) | 53 | 12.2 (5.1) | 0.0819 |
| PEEP (cmH20) | 54 | 5.0 (0.7) | 54 | 5.1 (0.7) | 53 | 5.0 (0.6) | 0.1576 |
| MAP (cmH20) | 54 | 6.5 (1.9) | 54 | 6.6 (1.8) | 53 | 6.3 (1.5) | 0.4165 |
| FiO2 (%) | 58 | 21.1% (21.0%–21.2%) | 58 | 21.2% (21.0%–21.4%) | 57 | 21.2% (20.9%–21.3%) | 0.5765 |
| SaO2 (%) | 58 | 98.8% (98.4%–99.2%) | 58 | 98.2 (97.6%–98.9%) | 57 | 99.0% (98.4%–99.5%) | 0.0213 |
| TI (s) | 54 | 0.43 (0.04) | 54 | 0.43 (0.04) | 53 | 0.43 (0.04) | 0.4602 |
| ET-CO2 (kPa) | 48 | 4.7 (0.7) | 48 | 4.8 (0.7) | 47 | 5.0 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 54 | 18.7 (4.3) | 54 | 17.7 (3.3) | 53 | 18.3 (3.6) | 0.0615 |
| Respiratory rate | 58 | 34.0 (8.7) | 58 | 34.0 (8.1) | 57 | 35.0 (9.2) | 0.1765 |
| Blood gas measures | |||||||
| pH | 24 | 7.37 (0.05) | 2 | 7.37 (0.01) | 23 | 7.36 (0.4) | 0.1542 |
| PO2 (kPa) | 24 | 8.7 (4.9) | 2 | 6.3 (1.0) | 23 | 7.5 (3.9) | 0.1048 |
| PCO2 (kPa) | 24 | 5.3 (1.0) | 2 | 4.7 (0.6) | 23 | 5.5 (0.8) | 0.0004 |
| Base deficit (mEq/L) | 24 | −2.7 (3.2) | 2 | −4.7 (1.3) | 23 | −3.0 (2.0) | 0.9661 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 24 | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 2 | 4.3 (0.6–29.1) | 23 | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) | 0.5802 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 24 | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 2 | 1.2 (0.4–3.5) | 23 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.8190 |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||
| Mean BP (mm Hg) | 58 | 48.5 (6.7) | 58 | 49.5 (14.7) | 57 | 52.6 (8.7) | 0.0287 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 58 | 97.9 (25.3) | 58 | 96.2 (14.6) | 57 | 95.7 (13.4) | 0.7200 |
| Neurology | |||||||
| rSCo2(%) | 54 | 84.5 (4.0) | 55 | 84.4 (5.4) | 54 | 84.5 (3.9) | 0.9768 |
| Seizures | 57 | 1 (1.8%) | 58 | 1 (1.7%) | 56 | 1 (1.8%) | >0.999 |
| Abnormal aEEG‡ | 57 | 20 (35.1%) | 58 | 26 (44.8%) | 56 | 20 (35.7%) | 0.2105 |
| aEEG | |||||||
| Lower margin voltage (µV) | 55 | 6.1 (2.3) | 55 | 5.9 (2.1) | 53 | 6.1 (2.1) | 0.6609 |
| Upper margin voltage (µV) | 55 | 17.2 (5.7) | 55 | 19 (5.4) | 53 | 17.2 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Bandwidth (µV) | 55 | 11.1 (5.2) | 55 | 13.1 (4.7) | 53 | 11.1 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Sleep–wake cycling | 58 | 25 (43.1%) | 57 | 25 (43.9%) | 55 | 24 (43.6%) | 0.9619 |
| Pain score >0 | 56 | 21 (37.5%) | 58 | 21 (36.2%) | 56 | 21 (37.5%) | 0.9791 |
| Temperature | |||||||
| Peripheral temp (°C) | 58 | 30.47 (1.14) | 58 | 30.70 (0.93) | 57 | 30.30 (1.24) | 0.0048 |
| Rectal temp (°C) | 58 | 33.47 (0.11) | 58 | 33.54 (0.09) | 57 | 33.47 (0.15) | 0.0006 |
Values are arithmetic mean (SD), geometric mean (95% CI) or number (%) as appropriate.
Seizures were not of status epilepticus nature to prevent recruitment for CoolCuddle.
*Number of cuddles for which data were available.
†P value from multilevel model accounting for dependent data for infants and cuddles.
‡aEEG pattern of discontinuous voltage, burst suppression, low voltage or flat trace.
aEEG, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram; BP, blood pressure; ET-CO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; MAP, mean airway pressure; PCO2, partial pressures of carbon dioxide; PEEP, peak end expiratory pressure; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; PO2, partial pressures of oxygen; rScO2, regional cerebral oxygenation; SaO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; TI, inspiratory time.