Results of the international survey for type and dose of analgesics in children after cardiac surgery
| Neonates 0–28 days | Infants 29 days–2 years | |||
| Medication | Use in hospitals (n) | doses | Use in hospitals (n) | doses |
| Morphine IV bolus mcg/kg | 9 | 50–200 | 9 | 50–500 |
| Morphine IV mcg/kg/h | 12 | 5–40 | 12 | 10–60 |
| Piritramide IV bolus mg/kg | 1 | 0.2–1.2 | 2 | 0.05–0.4 |
| Piritramide IV mg/kg/day | n.a. | n.a. | 1 | 1.2 |
| Fentanyl IV bolus mcg/kg | 1 | 1–2 | 1 | 1–2 |
| Fentanyl IV mcg/kg/h | 3 | 1–6 | 3 | 1–6 |
| Remifentanil IV bolus mcg/kg | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Remifentanil IV mcg/kg/min | 1 | 0.1–0.2 | 1 | 0.1–0.2 |
| Sufentanil IV mcg/kg/h | 1 | 1–2 | 1 | 1–2 |
| Dexmedotomidine IV bolus mcg/kg | n.a. | n.a. | 1 | 50 |
| Dexmedetomidine IV mcg/kg/h | n.a. | n.a. | 2 | 0.5–1.5 |
| Paracetamol IV mg/kg | 5 | 7.5 | 7 | 7.5–15 |
| Paracetamol PO/PR mg/kg/day | 5 | 45–90 | 7 | 45–90 |
| Metamizol IV mg/kg | 1 | 40 | 1 | 40 |
| Diclofenac IV/PR mg/kg/day | n.a. | n.a. | 3 | 1–3 |
| Ibuprofen PO bolus mg/kg | n.a. | n.a. | 2 | 5–10 |
| Dexketoprofen IV mg/kg | 1 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 0.5–1 |
Hospitals represented in the survey: Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam; LUMC, Leiden; UMC Utrecht; UMC Groningen; Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin; Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome; Royal Brompton Hospital, London; Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne; University Hospital, Leuven; University Hospital La Paz, Madrid; Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; German Heart Centre, Munich; and Queen Silvia Hospital Gothenburg, Memorial Hospital – Child Health Centre, Warsaw. PO, per oral; PR, per rectal.