Overall | English-only group | Not English-only group | ||||
Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI | |
ASQ-3 communication score (optimal cut points) | ≤37.5* | ≤47.5* | ≤57.5* | |||
Sensitivity | 0.55 | 0.44 to 0.66 | 0.85 | 0.7 to 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.72 to 0.97 |
Specificity | 0.95 | 0.91 to 0.97 | 0.84 | 0.78 to 0.88 | 0.55 | 0.36 to 0.72 |
Positive likelihood ratio | 9.97 | 5.87 to 16.92 | 5.20 | 3.72 to 7.26 | 1.93 | 1.3 to 2.87 |
Negative likelihood ratio | 0.48 | 0.38 to 0.61 | 0.18 | 0.09 to 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.08 to 0.59 |
Positive predictive value | 0.53 | 0.39 to 0.65 | 0.37 | 0.29 to 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.13 to 0.24 |
Negative predictive value | 0.95 | 0.94 to 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.96 to 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.94 to 0.99 |
Accuracy | 0.91 | 0.87 to 0.93 | 0.84 | 0.79 to 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.45 to 0.70 |
AUC | 0.86 | 0.81 to 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.83 to 0.96 | 0.74 | 0.62 to 0.86 |
ASQ-3 communication category using standard cut point: above threshold†/monitor | ||||||
Sensitivity | 0.65 | 0.54 to 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.59 to 0.87 | 0.42 | 0.26 to 0.61 |
Specificity | 0.93 | 0.89 to 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.9 to 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.72 to 0.97 |
Positive likelihood ratio | 9.41 | 5.93 to 14.91 | 13.00 | 7.3 to 23.16 | 3.50 | 1.29 to 9.52 |
Negative likelihood ratio | 0.37 | 0.28 to 0.5 | 0.27 | 0.15 to 0.45 | 0.66 | 0.48 to 0.9 |
Positive predictive value | 0.51 | 0.4 to 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.45 to 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.12 to 0.51 |
Negative predictive value | 0.96 | 0.95 to 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95 to 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.91 to 0.95 |
Accuracy | 0.90 | 0.87 to 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.88 to 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.72 to 0.91 |
ASQ-3 communication category using standard cut point: monitor/refer | ||||||
Sensitivity | 0.48 | 0.37 to 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.32 to 0.64 | 0.30 | 0.16 to 0.49 |
Specificity | 0.98 | 0.95 to 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1 | 0.94 | 0.80 to 0.99 |
Positive likelihood ratio | 21.67 | 9.52 to 49.32 | 49.40 | 11.97 to 203.8 | 5.00 | 1.19 to 21.09 |
Negative likelihood ratio | 0.54 | 0.44 to 0.66 | 0.53 | 0.39 to 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.58 to 0.94 |
Positive predictive value | 0.71 | 0.51 to 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.57 to 0.96 | 0.36 | 0.12 to 0.70 |
Negative predictive value | 0.94 | 0.93 to 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.93 to 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.91 to 0.94 |
Accuracy | 0.93 | 0.90 to 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.9 to 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.77 to 0.94 |
SSLM | ≤19.5* | ≤16.5* | ≤20.0* | |||
Sensitivity | 0.83 | 0.74 to 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.64 to 0.91 | 0.79 | 0.61 to 0.91 |
Specificity | 0.81 | 0.76 to 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.82 to 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.68 to 0.95 |
Positive likelihood ratio | 4.38 | 3.36 to 5.69 | 6.16 | 4.2 to 9.05 | 5.20 | 2.28 to 11.88 |
Negative likelihood ratio | 0.21 | 0.13 to 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.12 to 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.13 to 0.49 |
Positive predictive value | 0.33 | 0.27 to 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.32 to 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.20 to 0.57 |
Negative predictive value | 0.98 | 0.96 to 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.96 to 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.95 to 0.99 |
Accuracy | 0.81 | 0.77 to 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.81 to 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.73 to 0.92 |
AUC | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.87 to 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.64 to 0.89 |
Cut-point Youden’s Index* |
*Youden’s Index represents the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity.31
†Above threshold represents normal language function.
ASQ-3, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition; AUC, area under the curve; SSLM, Sure Start Language Measure.