Table 5

Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression findings

Variable	Characteristic	SDQ total		p Value*	Adjusted odds	95% CI	p Value†
Variable	Characteristic	Normal (0–15)	High (16–40)	p Value*	Adjusted odds	95% CI	p Value†
Age	Mean (SD)	14.71 (1)	14.90 (1)	0.06	1.731	1.180 to 2.539	0.005
Eye problems	Yes	93	28	0.005	2.249	1.307 to 3.867	0.003
Eye problems	No (reference)	495	75	0.005	2.249	1.307 to 3.867	0.003
Punishment for not doing homework	Physical (reference)	136	28	0.381	1.955	1.038 to 3.680	0.038
Punishment for not doing homework	More homework	451	75
Physical fitness activities	Yes	362	49	0.007
Physical fitness activities	No	224	54
Performance in last annual examination	<35%	53	16	0.006
	40%–50%	59	16
	50%–60%	146	34
	60%–70%	179	18
	70%–80%	69	11
	>80%	82	8
Failed in any subject in last annual exam	Yes	51	19	0.002
Failed in any subject in last annual exam	No	537	84
Face difficulties in studying at home	Yes	62	26	<0.001
Face difficulties in studying at home	No	525	76
Having friends	Yes	559	88	<0.001	0.385	0.182 to 0.812	0.012
Having friends	No (reference)	28	15
Difficulties discussing friends with parents	Yes	53	30	<0.001	3.552	1.935 to 6.520	0.001
Difficulties discussing friends with parents	No (reference)	535	73
After-school entertainment	Sports and games (reference)	213	27
	Watching movies	29	13		3.042	1.309 to 7.092	0.01
	Going out with friends	87	15	0.002
	Watching TV	151	19
	Others	108	29
Difficulties in relationship with others	Yes	34	16	<0.001
Difficulties in relationship with others	No	554	87