Infant characteristics 40 607 | With PDA | Without PDA | P value for difference |
n (%) | 6022 (14.8) | 34 585 (85.2) | |
Females, n (%) | 2857 (47.4) | 15 662 (45.3) | 0.002 |
Gestational age at birth (weeks), median (IQR) | 29 (28–30) | 30 (29–21) | <0.001 |
Birth weight (in g), mean (SD) | 1238 (304) | 1403 (310) | <0.001 |
Birth weight z-score, mean (SD) | −0.19 (1.07) | 0.01 (0.99) | <0.001 |
Length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 60 (46–75) | 41 (32–53) | <0.001 |
Adverse outcomes | With PDA | Without PDA | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, n (%) | 1143 (19.0) | 1806 (5.2) | 2.74 (2.51 to 2.99)† |
Necrotising enterocolitis, n (%) | 204 (3.4) | 443 (1.3) | 1.79 (1.49 to 2.15)† |
Late onset sepsis, n (%) | 2481 (41.2) | 6730 (19.5) | 2.04 (1.91 to 2.17)† |
Death before discharge, n (%) | 279 (4.6) | 1030 (3.0) | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) |
*Adjusted for sex, gestational age and birth weight z-score <-2SD.
†P<0.05 with Bonferroni correction.