Neonatal characteristics
| Neonatal encephalopathy (n=1494) | Neonatal encephalopathy with sepsis (n=38) | P value | |
| Apgar score (IQR) | |||
| 1 min | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.4 |
| 5 min | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.4 |
| Intubation at resuscitation (%) | 833 (55) | 21 (53) | 0.7 |
| Temperature on admission (IQR) | 35.4 (34–36.3) | 35.8 (34.4–36.4) | 0.3 |
| Cord lactate (IQR) | 11 (7–14) | 8.7 (5.2–13.2) | 0.5 |
| Postnatal lactate (IQR) | 12 (8.5–16) | 13.6 (10.6–16.3) | 0.1 |
| Worst base excess (IQR) | 15 (20–10) | 16 (21–9) | 0.3 |
| Respiratory support (%) | 1373 (91) | 38 (100) | 0.07 |
| Indication (%) | |||
| Neonatal encephalopathy | 905 (61) | 19 (48) | 0.08 |
| Respiratory distress | 141 (9) | 2 (5) | 0.02 |
| Hyaline membrane | 18 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.62 |
| Meconium aspiration | 137 (9) | 9 (23) | 0.02 |
| Pneumonia | 1 (0.06) | 2 (5) | 0.002 |
| PPHN | 73 (5) | 4 (10) | 0.13 |
| Apnoea | 14 (1) | 1 (2) | 0.32 |
| Not specified | 84 (6) | 3 (7) | 0.41 |
| Ventilated (%) | 1049 (70) | 34 (89) | 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation, hours (IQR) | 71 (27–110) | 104 (55–188) | <0.001 |
| ECMO (%) | 9 (0.6) | 1 (3) | 0.22 |
| HFOV, ventilated (%) | 136 (13) | 11 (32) | 0.003 |
| HFOV, hours (IQR) | 57 (13–100) | 161 (22–202) | 0.09 |
| iNO (%) | 246 (16) | 15 (38) | 0.01 |
| CPAP, hours (IQR) | 22 (8–52) | 54 (23–95) | <0.001 |
| Nasal high flow, hours (IQR) | 48 (24–98) | 49 (40–189) | 0.2 |
| Air leak (%) | 88 (6) | 4 (9) | 0.2 |
| Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (%) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.9 |
| Death (%) | 198 (13) | 5 (13) | 0.9 |
| Gastrostomy tube fed at discharge (%) | 75 (5) | 5 (13) | 0.052 |
| Length of stay, days (IQR) | 11 (8–17) | 20 (15–31) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (IQR) or n (%). The Mann-Whitney U test and the Pearson χ2 test or the Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison between groups.
Bold text indicates p< 0.05.
ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFOV, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; iNO, inhaled nitric oxide; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension.