Participant characteristics (N=115)
| Characteristics | Children and adolescents (n=81) | Adults (n=34) |
| Gender (of patients) | ||
| Male | 57 (70) | 20 (59) |
| Female | 24 (30) | 14 (41) |
| Treatment | ||
| Received treatment* | 44 (54) | 15 (44) |
| No treatment | 37 (46) | 19 (56) |
| Social gender role change† | ||
| Yes | 7 (9) | 15 (44) |
| No | 74 (91) | 19 (56) |
| Visibility of DSD‡ | ||
| Visible | 12 (15) | 17 (50) |
| Partly hidden | 57 (70) | 17 (50) |
| Hidden | 12 (15) | |
| Region | ||
| Central Java | 70 (86) | 29 (85) |
| Other provinces in Java | 8 (10) | 2 (6) |
| Outside Java island | 3 (4) | 3 (9) |
| Ethnic | ||
| Javanese | 76 (94) | 31 (91) |
| Non-Javanese | 5 (6) | 3 (9) |
| Religion | ||
| Islam | 77 (95) | 33 (97) |
| Non-Islam | 4 (5) | 1 (3) |
| Residential setting | ||
| Rural | 45 (56) | 15 (44) |
| Suburban | 24 (30) | 11 (32) |
| Urban | 12 (15) | 8 (24) |
| Highest education attained | (Fathers§ / mothers§) | (Adults) |
| No formal education | 9 (11) / 10 (13) | 4 (12) |
| Elementary school | 27 (34) / 28 (35) | 3 (9) |
| High school | 36 (45) / 36 (45) | 23 (68) |
| University | 8 (10) / 6 (8) | 4 (12) |
| Parents’ occupation | (Fathers / mothers§) | (Adults) |
| Unemployed | 0 / 44 (55) | 13 (38) |
| Labour | 47 (59) / 22 (28) | 9 (27) |
| Self-employed | 16 (20) / 6 (8) | 4 (12) |
| Staff | 17 (21) /8 (10) | 8 (24) |
Data are presented in n (%).
*Treatment in most patients had been minimal, for instance, patients had taken glucocorticoid therapy for only a limited period or had undergone one surgical procedure for hypospadias correction when two or more procedures were recommended.14 25–27
†Social gender role change could be physician imposed, parent imposed or patient initiated.25
‡Visibility of DSD refer to all those aspects of physical and behavioural atypicality that cannot be hidden during social interaction. Concealable refers to physical atypicality that can be covered by clothes (partly hidden) and non-ambiguous phenotype (hidden).
§One father / mother missing for being deceased.
DSD, disorder of sex development.