(B) Adult report across sex of rearing, treatment status, gender change history and visibility of DSD | ||||||||||||
SSS-DSD Adult report | Sex of rearing | Treatment status | Gender change history | Visibility of DSD | ||||||||
Men* | Women | p† | Treated | Untreated | p | Yes‡ | No | p | Visible | Concealable § | p | |
(n=20) | (n=14) | (n=15) | (n=19) | (n=15) | (n=19) | (n=17) | (n=17) | |||||
median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | median (range) | |||||
Verbal stigmatisation | 12 ¶ (10–47) | 10 (10–28) | 0.78 | 10 (10–36) | 14 (10–47) | 0.14 | 14 (10–47) | 10 (10–28) | 0.11 | 15 (10–47) | 10 (10–21) | 0.015 |
Score range 10–50 | ||||||||||||
Behavioural stigmatisation | 10 (10–26) | 11 (10–37) | 0.30 | 10 (10–23) | 10 (10–37) | 0.25 | 11 (10–31) | 10 (10–37) | 0.03 | 13 (10–37) | 10 (10–11) | 0.001 |
Score: range 8–40 | ||||||||||||
Emotional problems | 14 (10–40) | 29 (10–47) | 0.009 | 12 (10–40) | 21 (10–47) | 0.07 | 16 (10–47) | 10 (10–44) | 0.52 | 16 (10–47) | 16 (10–40) | 0.60 |
Score range: 9–45 | ||||||||||||
Total score** | 37 (30–91) | 50 (31–100) | 0.042 | 36 (30–83) | 48 (31–100) | 0.046 | 41 (31–100) | 38 (30–97) | 0.80 | 46 (31–100) | 38 (30–63) | 0.19 |
Score range 17–135 |
*The terms men and women are used according to the gender the patient presented himself or herself socially and to us when he or she participated in the study.
†Mann-Whitney U test was applied.
‡Ediati et al.24
§Visible refers to all those aspects of physical and behavioural atypicality that cannot be hidden in social interaction. Concealable refers to physical atypicality that can be covered by clothes (partly hidden) and typical phenotype (hidden).
¶For all sum scores, a higher score indicates a relatively higher level of stigma, atypicality, social exclusion or emotional problems.
**Unweighted sum score.
SSS-DSD, Social Stigmatization Scale–disorder of sex development.