Meta-analysis of proportion of children with specific congenital anomalies having a surgery code for gastrostomy before 5 years of age
| Anomaly | Number of liveborn children | Children with a surgery for gastrostomy at age 0–4 years (adjusted for censoring) | |
| Number | Percentage (95% CI) | ||
| Spina bifida | 591 | 11 | 2.1 (1.0 to 3.7) |
| Hydrocephaly | 1082 | 52 | 5.5 (3.3 to 8.4) |
| Congenital heart defects | 26 442 | 125 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) |
| Severe congenital heart defects | 5693 | 72 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) |
| Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | 2961 | 37 | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) |
| Cleft palate | 2879 | 109 | 4.1 (3.4 to 4.9) |
| Oesophageal atresia | 915 | 138 | 15.9 (13.5 to 18.5) |
| Down syndrome | 3640 | 62 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.2) |
| Goldenhar association | 301 | 27 | 9.7 (6.5 to 13.6) |
| Di George syndrome | 292 | 25 | 7.8 (3.3 to 14.9) |
| Noonan syndrome | 154 | 12 | 8.2 (3.6 to 15.1) |
| William syndrome | 115 | 4 | 2.9 (0.4 to 10.7) |
| Cri du chat syndrome | 57 | 8 | 15.8 (6.0 to 29.8) |
| Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome | 37 | 8 | 23.9 (3.4 to 54.6) |
| Angelmann syndrome | 44 | 2 | 3.3 (0.2 to 15.9) |
| Cornelia de Lange syndrome | 34 | 9 | 29.2 (11.8 to 49.2) |