Table 4

Cox proportional hazards of attrition among CLHIV and adolescents at Orotta National Paediatric Referral Hospital (ONPRH) cART treatment centre, Asmara, Eritrea (2005–2020)

Cohort characteristics	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Female	1 (ref)	0.01	1 (ref)	0.01
Male	1.4 (1 to 2)	0.01	1.6 (1 to 2.4)	0.01
Age at enrolment
≤5	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
6–10	1.3 (0.9 to 1.8)		1.1 (0.7 to 1.6)
>10	3.3 (2.2 to 5)		1.5 (0.9 to 2.5)
Residence
Maekel	1 (ref)	0.002	1 (ref)	0.02
Outside Maekel	1.6 (1.2 to 2.2)	0.002	1.5 (1 to 2.3)	0.02
Year of enrolment
<2010	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
2010–2015	1.9 (1.3 to 2.7)		3.2 (1.9 to 5.3)	<0.001
>2015	4.2 (2.5 to 7.2)		6.1 (3 to 12.2)	<0.001
BMI-for-age z-score
≥2	1 (ref)	0.001	1 (ref)	0.03
<−2	1.8 (1.3 to 2.5)	0.001	1.4 (0.9 to 2.1)	0.03
Height-for-age z-score
≥2	1 (ref)	0.02
<−2	1.5 (1 to 2.1)	0.02
Haemoglobin
Normal	1 (ref)	0.005
Anaemia	1.7 (1.2 to 2.4)	0.005
Advanced disease at presentation
No	1 (ref)	<0.001	1 (ref)	0.004
Yes	2.9 (1.8 to 4.3)	<0.001	2.2 (1.2 to 3.9)	0.004
TB status
Not symptomatic	1 (ref)	0.23
Took anti-TB	1.8 (0.8 to 5)	0.23
cART backbone
AZT+3TC	1 (ref)	<0.001	1 (ref)	0.005
Other backbones	3 (2.2 to 4.2)	<0.001	2 (1.2 to 3.2)	0.005
NNRTI
Efavirenz (EFV)	1 (ref)	0.9
Nevirapin (NVP)	0.95 (0.7 to 1.2)	0.9
cART changes
No	1 (ref)	<0.001	1 (ref)	<0.001
Yes	0.16 (0.12 to 0.2)	<0.001	0.2 (0.15 to 0.4)	<0.001
Current cART regimen
First-line cART	1 (ref)	0.16
Second-line cART	0.68 (0.4 to 1.1)	0.16
Suboptimal adherence
No	1 (ref)	0.2
Yes	1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)	0.2

Other backbones refer to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate+emtricitabine, abacavir+3TC or stavudine+3TC. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin level <11 g/dL for children <5 years old, <11.5 g/dL for children 5–11.9 years old and <12 g/dL for children >12 years old.
AZT+3TC, zidovudine+lamivudine; BMI, body mass index; cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; CLHIV, children living with HIV; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; TB, tuberculosis.