Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with second mode of birth in women who had a CS first birth
| Outcome | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value adjusted OR | |
| Neonatal infection within 28 days | Vaginal spontaneous | Reference | Reference | |
| N=93 430 | Vacuum/Forceps | 1.70 (1.36 to 2.12) | 2.00 (1.58 to 2.53) | <0.001 |
| Planned CS | 0.52 (0.42 to 0.64) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.86) | 0.002 | |
| Emergency CS | 2.85 (2.46 to 3.30) | 2.03 (1.71 to 2.40) | <0.001 | |
| Asphyxia and/or respiratory distress | Vaginal spontaneous | Reference | Reference | |
| N=89 848 | Vacuum/Forceps | 2.27 (2.01 to 2.56) | 2.74 (2.39 to 3.13) | <0.001 |
| Planned CS | 1.86 (1.70 to 2.04) | 2.16 (1.93 to 2.41) | <0.001 | |
| Emergency CS | 4.65 (4.28 to 5.06) | 3.24 (2.94 to 3.57) | <0.001 | |
| Neonatal care/hospital care within 28 days | Vaginal spontaneous | Reference | Reference | |
| N=82 429 | Vacuum/Forceps | 1.52 (1.41 to 1.63) | 1.70 (1.57 to 1.84) | <0.001 |
| Planned CS | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.29) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 0.603 | |
| Emergency CS | 2.67 (2.54 to 2.80) | 1.79 (1.69 to 1.90) | <0.001 | |
| Neonatal death within 28 days | Vaginal spontaneous | Reference | Reference | |
| N=94 261 | Vacuum/Forceps | 1.79 (0.96 to 3.34) | 3.15 (1.55 to 6.39) | 0.001 |
| Planned CS | 0.99 (0.60 to 1.62) | 1.73 (0.94 to 3.19) | 0.077 | |
| Emergency CS | 5.35 (3.63 to 7.89) | 2.88 (1.82 to 4.57) | <0.001 |
OR was obtained by logistic models. Both unadjusted and adjusted results are presented. P value of adjusted model is presented
Adjusted OR: adjustments were made for mother’s age, smoking, diabetes, BMI, mental illness and prematurity (up to week 36+6) in all adjusted models.
BMI, body mass index; CS, caesarean section.