Cohort characteristics
| Parent information | N (%) | Mean (SD) |
| Education | 526 | – |
| High school or Less | 29 (6) | – |
| Some post-secondary | 48 (9) | – |
| College | 193 (37) | – |
| University | 256 (49) | – |
| % Missing | 0.4 | – |
| Household Income | 514 | – |
| $C0–39 999 | 91 (18) | – |
| $C40 000–79 999 | 140 (27) | – |
| $C80 000–1 49 999 | 196 (38) | – |
| $C150 000+ | 87 (17) | – |
| % Missing | 2.7 | – |
| Ethnicity | 468 | – |
| Indigenous | 66 (14) | – |
| Non-European | 37 (8) | – |
| European | 365 (78) | – |
| % Missing | 11.4 | – |
| Sex | 526 | – |
| Female | 490 (93) | – |
| Male | 36 (7) | – |
| % Missing | 0.4 | – |
| Parent anxiety (GAD-2) | 528 | 2.44 (1.72) |
| Parenting behaviour | ||
| Current behaviour | ||
| Total parenting behaviour | 488 | 2.61 (0.94) |
| Overreactive behaviour | 493 | 2.58 (1.14) |
| Lax parenting behaviour | 490 | 2.65 (1.23) |
| % Missing | 7.6 | – |
| Pre-pandemic behaviour | ||
| Total parenting behaviour | 208 | 2.44 (1.00) |
| Overreactive behaviour | 210 | 2.35 (1.17) |
| Lax parenting behaviour | 208 | 2.51 (1.31) |
| % Missing | 60.60 | – |
| Child Information | ||
| Sex | 528 | – |
| % Female | 47.7 | – |
| Age | 528 | 9.43 (4.40) |
| SDQ total | 495 | 11.84 (6.83) |
All measures are self-report or parent-report from the Cost of COVID study. Parent anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Parenting behaviour was assessed using the Parenting Scale 8 (PS-8).
SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.