Country income | ||||||||||
HICs | LMICs | Total | P value | |||||||
N | n | % | N | n | % | N | n | % | ||
Bacterial pneumonia* | 3497 | 11 5 | 3.3 | 1107 | 10 2 | 9.2 | 4604 | 21 7 | 4.7 | <0.001 |
ARDS* | 3153 | 31 | 1.0 | 4972 | 26 7 | 5.4 | 8125 | 29 8 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
AKI | 3624 | 11 0 | 3.0 | 1410 | 49 | 3.5 | 5034 | 15 9 | 3.2 | 0.477 |
Seizure | 3627 | 10 3 | 2.8 | 1412 | 39 | 2.8 | 5039 | 14 2 | 2.8 | 0.958 |
Pleural effusion | 3511 | 82 | 2.3 | 1110 | 36 | 3.2 | 4621 | 11 8 | 2.6 | 0.118 |
Myocarditis and pericarditis* | 2858 | 42 | 1.5 | 427 | 22 | 5.2 | 3285 | 64 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
Bronchiolitis | 3620 | 57 | 1.6 | 1412 | 21 | 1.5 | 5032 | 78 | 1.6 | 0.922 |
Cardiac arrhythmia* | 3635 | 70 | 1.9 | 1407 | 13 | 0.9 | 5042 | 83 | 1.6 | 0.017 |
Endocarditis* | 692 | 5 | 0.7 | 487 | 14 | 2.9 | 1179 | 19 | 1.6 | 0.008 |
Cardiac arrest* | 3535 | 19 | 0.5 | 1412 | 55 | 3.9 | 4947 | 74 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
DIC* | 3498 | 48 | 1.3 | 4668 | 58 | 1.2 | 8166 | 10 4 | 1.3 | 0.850 |
Meningitis and encephalitis* | 3621 | 16 | 0.4 | 1413 | 20 | 1.4 | 5034 | 36 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
Pneumothorax | 3530 | 15 | 0.4 | 1109 | 9 | 0.8 | 4639 | 24 | 0.5 | 0.185 |
Stroke/cerebrovascular complication† | 3527 | 7 | 0.2 | 1109 | 11 | 1.0 | 4636 | 18 | 0.4 | 0.001 |
Pulmonary embolism | 1928 | 4 | 0.2 | 293 | 2 | 0.7 | 2221 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.182 |
Cardiac ischaemia | 3510 | 7 | 0.2 | 1110 | 4 | 0.4 | 4620 | 11 | 0.2 | 0.309 |
Myocardial infarction | 312 | 1 | 0.3 | 298 | – | – | 610 | 1 | 0.2 | 1.000 |
Sepsis | – | – | – | 3862 | 8 | 0.2 | 3862 | 8 | 0.2 | – |
DVT | 1606 | 1 | 0.1 | 3 | – | – | 1609 | 1 | 0.1 | 1.000 |
COP† | 3398 | – | – | 1110 | 5 | 0.5 | 4508 | 5 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
*Significant with p-value <0.05 using χ2 test.
†Fisher’s exact test.
AKI, acute kidney injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COP, cryptogenic organising pneumonia; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HICs, high-income countries; LMICs, low-income to middle-income countries; n, total patients with complications; N, denominators.