Demographic and clinical characteristic
| Variables | Total patients (n=60) | Acute respiratory failure | P value‡ | |
| Absent (n=34) | Present (n=26) | |||
| Age, year, median (IQR) | 8.1 (4.0–11.0) | 8.3 (4.3–11.1) | 7.9 (3.4–11.1) | 0.602 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 33 (55.0) | 21 (61.8) | 12 (46.2) | 0.297 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 16.0 (13.9–21.0) | 15.8 (13.6–20.8) | 16.6 (14.1–21.6) | 0.864 |
| Complex chronic conditions, n (%) | 18 (30.0) | 11 (32.4) | 7 (26.9) | 0.779 |
| PRISM III score at PICU admission, median (IQR) | 10.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (5.0–11.3) | 12.0 (8.8–18.5) | 0.015 |
| Numbers of patients with MODS on day 1, n (%) | 43 (71.7) | 20 (58.8) | 23 (88.5) | 0.019 |
| Features of severe dengue* | ||||
| Severe bleeding (required transfusion), n (%) | 22 (36.7) | 7 (20.6) | 15 (57.7) | 0.006 |
| AST or ALT≥1000 U/L, n (%) | 16 (26.7) | 5 (14.7) | 11 (42.3) | 0.021 |
| Impaired consciousness, n (%) | 17 (28.3) | 3 (8.8) | 14 (53.8) | < 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury†, n (%) | 25 (41.7) | 12 (35.3) | 13 (50.0) | 0.298 |
| Complications during PICU admission | ||||
| Evidence of fluid leakage | 43 (71.1) | 21 (61.8) | 22 (84.6) | 0.082 |
| Acute liver failure, n (%) | 8 (13.3) | 1 (2.9) | 7 (26.9) | 0.016 |
| Haemophagocytic syndrome, n (%) | 2 (3.3) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Coinfection (pathogen identified), n (%) | 11 (18.3) | 2 (5.9) | 9 (34.6) | 0.006 |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) | 6 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 6 (23.1) | 0.005 |
| PICU stay, days, median (IQR) | 3.8 (2.3–5.8) | 3.0 (2.1–5.0) | 5.2 (3.4–8.5) | 0.004 |
| Hospital stay, days, median (IQR) | 7.3 (4.8–10.8) | 6.7 (4.4–10.6) | 8.8 (6.2–13.7) | 0.081 |
*Features of severe dengue are defined by 2009 WHO guidelines.
†Acute kidney injury is defined according to 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury.
‡Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for qualitative data whereas Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative data.
§MODS = multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, defined by 2 or more organ dysfunction. Organ dysfunction, defined according to IPSCC definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in paediatrics.
¶
ALT, Alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; CCC, complex chronic conditions; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit ; PRISM III, Paediatric Risk of Mortality Score.