Table 1

Characteristic of included studies

Sr. No.AuthorCountryStudy designStudy periodFunding
1Bang et al 20 IndiaRCT36 months (1995–1998)

  • Ford Foundation USA

  • The John D & Catherin T MacArthur Foundation USA

2Ariawan et al* 8 IndonesiaPre–Post trainingNR NR
3Carlo et al 17**Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Pakistan and ZambiaPre–Post training and RCT42 months
(ENC: Mar 2005 and Feb 2007;
NRP: Jul 2006–Aug 2008)

  • NICHD, Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research

  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

4Carlo et al  18 Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Pakistan and ZambiaPre–Post training and RCT42 months
(ENC: Mar 2005 and Feb 2007;
NRP: Jul 2006–Aug 2008)

  • NICHD, Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research,

  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

5Gill et al 21 ZambiaProspective, cluster randomised and controlled effectiveness study30 months (Jun 2006–Nov 2008)

  • Boston University and The Office of Health and Nutrition of The United State Agency for International Development

  • AAP

  • Unicef

6Zhu et al 26 ChinaPerspective study, pre–post training (traditional resuscitation vs NRPG)24 months (1993–1995) NR
7Deorari et al 24 IndiaPre–post training (NR

  • Laerdal Foundation Norway

8Jeffery et al 28 MacedoniaPre–Post training60 months (1997–2001)

  • International Project Unit, Ministry of Health, Macedonia

  • IDA Credit, World Bank

9Vakrilova et al 30 BulgeriaPre–Post training (48 months
(2000–2003)		 NR
10O’Hare et al 25 UgandaPre–Post training (historic group vs NRP pilot)1 month
(Dec 2001–Jan 2002)

  • Child Advocacy International

11Opiyo et al 19 KenyaPre–Post trainingNR

  • Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine

  • Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship Award

12Boo31 MalaysiaPre–Post training, prospective observational study100 months
(Sep 1996–Dec 2004)

  • Perinatal Society of Malaysia

13Sorensen et al 29 TanzaniaProspective study, Pre–Post training14 weeks
(Jul 2008–Nov 2008)

  • Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

14Hole et al 32 Malawi, AfricaPre–Post training30 months
(Jun 2007–Dec 2009)

  • Stanford University School of Medicines, Medical Scholars Research Program

  • Department of Community Relations at Lucil Packard Children’s Hospital

15Msemo et al 22 TanzaniaPre–Post training30 months
(2009–2013)

  • AAP

  • Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine

16Goudar et al 23 IndiaPre–Post training (pretraining vs post HBB)12 months
(Oct 2009–Sep 2010)

  • AAP

  • Global Implementation Task Force HBB Program,

  • Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine, Stavanger Norway

17Vossius et al 77 TanzaniaPre–Post training (pretraining vs post HBB)24 months
(Feb 2010–Jan 2012)

  • Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine and Municipality of Stavanger Norway

  • Research Department of HLH, Tanzania

18Ashish et al*** NepalPre–Post training (pretraining vs post HBB)15 months
(Jul 2012–Sep 2013)

  • Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine

  • Swedish Society of Medicine

19Bellad et al 27 Kenya, India (Belgaum, Nagpur)Pre–Post training (pretraining vs post HBB)24 months
(Nov 2011–Oct 2013)

  • NORAD

  • Laerdal Foundation and NICHD

20Patel et al***India (Nagpur)Pre–Post training (pre-training vs post HBB)24 months
(Nov 2011–Oct 2013)

  • NORAD

  • Laerdal Foundation and NICHD

  • *Data for this study has been taken from Lee et al 8.

  • **Data for very low birth weight (<1500 g).

  • ***Unpublished data obtained via personal communication with the author

  • AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; ENC, essential newborn care; HBB, helping babies breathe; NICHD, National Institute of Child and Human Development; NR, not reported; NRPG, Neonatal Resuscitation Program Guidelines; RCT, randomised control trial.