No abnormalities on US KUB, DMSA scan and/or MCU (n=154) | Abnormalities on US KUB, DMSA scan and/or MCU (n=24) | P value | |
Demographics | |||
Age at first UTI (days) | 64.5 (46–78) | 49 (33–79) | 0.130 |
Male | 114 (74.0%) | 18 (75.0%) | 0.919 |
Gestational age <37 weeks at birth | 12 (7.8%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.934 |
Birth weight (g) | 3091 (2851–3308) | 3363 (2965–3575) | 0.015 |
Small for gestational age at birth | 11 (7.2%) | 0 | 0.365 |
Antenatal ultrasound abnormalities | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (12.5%) | <0.001 |
Clinical course at first UTI | |||
Maximum temperature (°C) | 38.9 (38.4–39.4) | 39.1 (38.4–39.6) | 0.530 |
Duration of illness at presentation (days) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.857 |
Interval between start of antibiotics and resolution of fever (hours) | 14 (4–29) | 28 (17–39) | 0.022 |
Blood investigations | |||
CRP (mg/L) | 28.3 (15.4–59.9) | 30.0 (20.3–73.3) | 0.217 |
Total white cell count (×109/L) | 15.4 (11.0–19.9) | 17.0 (14.1–22.3) | 0.264 |
Positive blood culture | 9 (5.4%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.199 |
Urine investigations | |||
Interval between onset of illness and urine collection (days) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.775 |
White cell count (per μL) | 394 (22–1380) | 259 (86–685) | 0.817 |
Epithelial cell (per μL) | 0 (0–8) | 1 (0–5) | 0.836 |
Bacteria seen on urinalysis | 100 (64.9%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.817 |
Nitrites positive | 28 (18.2%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.208 |
Non-Escherichia coli | 29 (18.8%) | 10 (41.7%) | 0.012 |
Post-UTI treatment and follow-up | |||
Antibiotic prophylaxis | 0.121 | ||
Nil | 3 (1.9%) | 0 | |
Cephalexin | 136 (88.3%) | 19 (79.2%) | |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 9 (5.8%) | 5 (20.8%) | |
Nitrofurantoin | 2 (1.3%) | 0 | |
Recurrent UTI | 16 (10.4%) | 16 (66.7%) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables were summarised with medians and IQRs and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were summarised in absolute counts and percentages, and compared using χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests.
CRP, C-reactive protein; DMSA, dimercaptosuccinic acid; MCU, micturating cystourethrogram; US KUB, ultrasound of the kidneys, ureters and bladder; UTI, urinary tract infection.