Table 2

Hearing screening programmes for older children

Author and yearCitationCountryDuration of programmeAge of screening (years)Screened (n)Screening protocolScreening test usedPass/fail criteriaScreening personnelDiagnostic testDiagnostic person
Tuli et al 2012 66 India2 years5–16 years1111 stageCase history, audiological and ENT evaluation, awareness and SIFTERNot mentionedNot mentionedENT and PTA and diagnostic ABRAudiologist
Chadha et al 2013 67 India3 years5–12 years15 7181 stageOtoscopy,
10-Question Screening Index for Disabilities in English and Hindi		Positive history of hearing or speech defects, a positive finding on examinationProforma: parents,
otoscopy: otolaryngologists		Not mentionedNot mentioned
Ramkumar et al 2018 77 India2 yearsBirth–5 years13352 stagesDPOAE+DPOAE>SNR 3 dBTrained village health workerTelediagnostic ABRAudiologist
Ramkumar et al 2019 76 India2 yearsBirth–5 years28152 stagesDPOAE+DPOAE>SNR 3 dBTrained village health WorkerDiagnostic ABR—in person and telediagnostic ABRAudiologist
Verma et al 2022 91 India6 months6–17 years5971 stageTuning fork testNot mentionedNot mentionedPTA and TympAudiologist
Shekhar et al 2022 68 IndiaNot mentioned5–14 years4741 stagePTANot mentionedENT specialistENT examinationENT specialist
Lü et al 2011 69 China1 year3–6 years21 4271 stagePTA1, 2 and 4 kHz >20 dBScreening person with training (training programme with certificate)PTA (5–6 years)
VRA or play PTA (3–4 years)		Not mentioned
Chen et al 2013 80 China1 year 5 months3–6 years28 5461 stageTEOAE>SNR 3 dBSchool nurses and doctors
2 hours of training		Comprehensive testNot mentioned
Audiologist
Wu et al 2014 70 ChinaNot mentioned3–6 years62881 stageSoftware-based new PTA>30 dBHL at 1, 2 and 4 kHzPreschool teachers—minimally trainedNot mentionedNot mentioned
Kam et al 2014 71 ChinaNot mentioned3–7 years62311 stageAutomated PTA>30 dBHL at 1, 2 and 4 kHzAutomatic test: nurses with 2 hours’ training as facilitatorTymp, DPOAE and PTA (0.25–8.0 kHz)Not mentioned
Tokgöz-Yılmaz et al 2013 72 Turkey3 years3–5 years2391 stagePTANot mentionedAudiologist and SLPENT examinationENT specialist
Kaplama et al 2020 79 Turkey1 year69–84 months23 6642 stagePTA,
10 questionnaire		500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz >20 dB
10 questions—refer in 1 question		Certified nurses, midwives, health officers or audiometrists,ENT examinationENT specialist
TarvijEslami et al 2017 78 Iran1 year6–7 years2237Not mentionedPTANot mentionedNot mentionedPTA,
Weber, Rinne test		Not mentioned
Jalali et al 2020 73 Iran4 months6–13 years20191 stagePTA0.5–4.0 kHz >15 dBHLNot mentionedENT examination and comprehensive audiological examinationNot mentioned
Skarzyński et al 2016 8 Tajikistan (LMIC)Not mentioned6–8 years1431 stageQuestionnaire,
PTA using SZOK telemed model		PTA module (500–8 kHz) >25 dB at one frequencyMedical doctors
Other specialists		Detailed PTAAudiologists
Alaqrabawi et al 2016 74 Jordan (UMIC)4 years5–15 years16491 stagePTA500 Hz, 1, 2 and 4 kHz >25 dBNot mentionedAudiometry,
otoscopy and Tymp		Audiologists
Al-Obeidy et al 2019 75 Iraq (UMIC)1 year6 years4251 stageHR questionnaireNot mentionedNot mentionedENT examination,
TFT (Weber, Rinne and absolute bone conductio).
HRR children: PTA		Not mentioned

  • ABR, auditory brainstem response; BOA, behavioral observation audiometry; DPOAE, distortion product otoacoustic emission; HRR, high-risk register; LMIC, lower middle-income country; PTA, pure tone audiometry; SIFTER, Screening Identification For Targeting Educational Risk; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; TEOAE, transient evoked otoacoustic emission; TFT, Tuning Fork Test; Tymp, tympanometry; UMIC, upper middle-income country.