Study | Continent | WHO region | Country | Duration (years) | Live births | Study design | Sample description | Income class | Quality score | Definition of jaundice and clinical indicators |
Bang et al 35 | Asia | Southeast Asia | India | 1 | 763 | P | All neonates | Low-middle | 2 | Deaths from NNJ |
Bhutani et al 14 | North America | Americas | USA | 5 | 2 935 674 | R | Term and near term | High | 3 | Both ET and TSB >25 mg/dL TSB >30 mg/dL |
Bjerre et al 15 | Europe | Europe | Denmark | 3 | 249 308 | R | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB ≥510 µmol/L (30 mg/dL), ABE, ET |
Christensen et al 16 | North America | Americas | USA | 10 | 302 399 | R | All neonates | High | 4 | TSB >25 mg/dL, TSB >30 mg/dL, ABE, ET |
Ebbesen et al 17 | Europe | Europe | Denmark | 2 | 128 344 | P | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB>ET indicated, ABE |
Ebbesen et al 38 | Europe | Europe | Denmark | 8 | 502 766 | P | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB ≥450 µmol/L (26 mg/dL), ABE |
Eggert et al 18 | North America | Americas | USA | 3.8 | 101 272 | R | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB >20 mg/dL, TSB ≥25 mg/dL ABE, ET |
Flaherman et al 19 | North America | Americas | USA | 3 | 18 089 | R | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB>ET indicated |
Gotink et al 20 | Europe | Europe | Netherlands | 5 | 683 048 | P | Term and near term | High | 4 | TSB >500 µmol/L (29 mg/dL) or received ET+TSB > 340 µmol/L (20 mg/dL), ET+TSB >430 µmol/L (25 mg/dL), ABE |
Kuzniewicz et al 40 | North America | Americas | USA | 17 | 525 409 | R | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB ≥25 mg/dL, ET |
Le et al 37 | Asia | Western Pacific | Vietnam | 2 | 979 | R | All neonates | Low-middle | 2 | Need for PT, ET, kernicterus, death |
Manning et al 22 | Europe | Europe | UK | 3 | 1 500 052 | P | All neonates | High | 4 | TSB ≥510 µmol/L (30 mg/dL), ABE, death |
McGillivray et al 23 | Australia | Western Pacific | Australia | 3 | 893 693 | P | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB ≥450 µmol/L (26 mg/dL), ABE signs, ET |
Meberg and Johansen24 | Europe | Europe | Norway | 1 | 2424 | P | All neonates | High | 4 | TSB >350 µmol/L (20 mg/dL), ET, ABE |
NNDP database25 | Asia | Southeast Asia | India | 2 | 145 623 | P | All neonates | Low-middle | 4 | TSB >15 mg/dL, ET |
Olusanya et al 62 | Africa | Africa | Nigeria | 2 | 5256 | R | All neonates | Low-middle | 2 | PT, ET |
Sgro et al 26 | North America | Americas | Canada | 2 | 639 840 | P | Term | High | 3 | TSB >425 µmol/L (25 mg/dL), ET |
Sgro et al 78 | North America | America | Canada | 2 | 760 000 | P | Term | High | 3 | TSB >425 µmol/L, or ET, ABE symptoms |
Tikmani et al 3 | Asia | Eastern Mediterranean | Pakistan | 2 | 1690 | P | All neonates | Low-middle | 4 | Referred for jaundice, >15 mg/dL, ET |
Wainer et al 38 | North America | Americas | Canada | 2 | 21 856 | P | Term and near term | High | 3 | TSB ≥342 µmol/L (20 mg/dL) 427 µmol/L (25 mg/dL), ≥513 µmol/L (30 mg/dL), ET |
Zoubir et al 27 | Europe | Europe | Switzerland | 2 | 146 288 | P | All neonates | High | 3 | TSB>ET, ET |
ABE, acute bilirubin encephalopathy; ET, exchange transfusion; NNJ, neonatal jaundice; PT, phototherapy; TSB, total serum bilirubin.