Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic heart failure (n=40)
| Characteristics | n |
| Aetiology of heart failure | |
| Congenital heart diseases | 19 |
| VSD | 5 |
| PDA | 4 |
| Large ostium secundum ASD | 2 |
| Parachute mitral valve causing severe MS | 1 |
| Parachute mitral valve causing severe MS and moderate MR | 1 |
| Dysplastic mitral valve causing severe MS and MR | 1 |
| Fallot tetralogy with mild pulmonary stenosis | 1 |
| Subaortic VSD causing severe AR | 1 |
| PDA+VSD | 1 |
| Congenital moderate aortic stenosis and severe AR | 1 |
| VSD+ASD | 1 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 15 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 4 |
| Rheumatic heart diseases | 2 |
| Severe MR and mild AR | 1 |
| Moderate MR and AR | 1 |
| Medications | |
| Diuretics | 36 |
| ACE inhibitors | 33 |
| Betablockers | 17 |
| Digoxin | 5 |
| Anticoagulants | 2 |
| Modified Ross class | |
| I | 14 |
| II | 15 |
| III | 11 |
| Duration of heart failure (months), median (IQR) | 10 (6–27) |
| Duration of follow-up until occurrence of endpoint (months), median (IQR) | 12 (10–12) |
AR, aortic regurgitation; ASD, atrial septal defect; MR, mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect.