Demographics of preterm neonates with dopamine-resistant shock treated by norepinephrine
| Preterm (n=70) | Full term (n=22) | P value | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 32 (28.6–34.1) | 39.9 (38.8–40.4) | <0.0001 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 1.56 (1.11–2.22) | 3.38 (3.28–3.63) | <0.0001 |
| Male (%) | 57 | 55 | 0.99 |
| Antenatal steroids (%) | 9 | 0 | 0.33 |
| Apgar 5 min | 8 (7–9) | 8 (8–10) | 0.77 |
| Age (day) of shock onset | 4.5 (1.1–11.8) | 0.6 (0.2–1.1) | <0.0001 |
| Other treatments (%) | |||
| Glucocorticoids | 34 | 55 | 0.13 |
| iNO | 21 | 64 | <0.001 |
| CRRT | 4 | 9 | 0.59 |
| ECMO | 1 | 18 | 0.01 |
| Percentage (%) of patients treated with other vasoactive agents (maximum dose*) | |||
| Dopamine | 84–10 (10–15) | 95–15 (10–15) | |
| Dobutamine | 39–10 (10–10) | 23–10 (10–10) | |
| Epinephrine | 39–0.7 (0.5–1.4) | 23–0.5 (0.3–0.5) | |
| Milrinone | 17–0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 45–0.5 (0.3–0.5) | |
| IVH | 56 (30/54) | 19 (4/21) | 0.005 |
| NEC in any stage (%) | 20 | 0 | 0.02 |
| NEC stage IIIb (%) | 11 | 0 | 0.19 |
| ROP | 15 (4/27) | 0 (0/1) | 0.99 |
| Mortality rate | 29 (41) | 5 (23) | 0.33 |
| Clinical parameters before NE infusion | |||
| Ventilation parameter | |||
| FiO2 (%) | 40 (35–55) (67) | 60 (42–100) | 0.008 |
| MAP (cmH2O) | 15 (11–16) (18) | 16 (14–20) (4) | 0.18 |
| PIP (cmH2O) | 19 (16–20) (51) | 22 (20–26) (18) | 0.009 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 5 (5–6) (51) | 5 (5–6) (18) | 0.27 |
| Hemodynamics | |||
| Heart rate (SDS) | 0.4 (−0.8 to 2.0) (68) | −0.5 (−1.0 to 0.6) | 0.14 |
| SBP (SDS) | −2.0 (−2.6 to −1.3) (38) | −2.0 (−2.6 to −1.4) (6) | 0.99 |
| MBP (SDS) | −2.0 (−2.6 to −1.7) (67) | −2.0 (−2.7 to −1.8) | 0.91 |
| Urine output (mL/kg/hour) | 3.3 (1.2–4.3) (41) | 1.1 (1.0–2.0) (15) | 0.009 |
| Artery blood gas | |||
| pH | 7.2 (7.12–7.29) (69) | 7.22 (7.18–7.28) | 0.18 |
| pO2 (mm Hg) | 38 (28–53) (69) | 36 (26–60) | 0.86 |
| pCO2 (mm Hg) | 50 (44–57) (69) | 51 (44–55) | 0.82 |
| Base excess (mmol/L) | −7.0 (−11.6 to −3.6)(69) | −5.6 (−8.7 to −3.0) | 0.32 |
Data are presented in median (IQR) or percentage with number of available data in square brackets. P values <0.05 are shown in bold.
*μg/kg/min.
CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; iNO, inhaled nitric oxide; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; MAP, mean airway pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SDS, standard deviation score.